今 p

1 886

THE LIBRARY OF

THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES

PROGRESSIVE LESSONS

CHINESE SPOKEN LANGUAGE

LISTS OF mnm words and phiiases, and an

APPENDIX CONTAINING THE LAWS OF TONES IN THE PEKING DiALECT.

BY

J. EDKINS, D.D., Peking.

FOURTH EDITION, REVISED.

SHANGHAI:

AMERICAN PEESBYTERIAI^ MISSION PRESS.

/III

FEEFAOE.

This little work is intended to assist beginners in tlie Chinese spoken language. The request has often been made to me, to prepare a simple work in the form of a Vocabulary, as being a want felt by learners. The attempt is here made to supply this want, and to provide a manual which may be suitable for those, wlio wish, to acquire the common phrases of conversation, without attempting to unravel the more subtle intricacies of the language.

lu the first part of the work the standard Mandarin ortliograpliy has been used. It is found in a printed form in the Wu fang yuen yiu 五方兀 音， a compact and useful native dictionary which raay be advantageously consulted for the sounds of words. Farther on, (beginning at the 25th page) I have adopted the peculiarities of the Peking dialect, ― whicli are given with great fulness in Sir Thomas Wade's recent and valuable works " The book of Experi- ments," and " Elementary Course."

In the Appendix will be found the laws of the Peking dialect in regard to tones which will be of assistance to those who may be perplexed by a multitude of seeming irregularities in that dialect. These are here reduced to a system of laws sixteen in number,

All who desire to become really good speakers in. this laugaage should study tlie tones. The knowledge of this peculiarity in Chinese words, lends great distinctness to what is said, and the dryness of the study Js much more than compensated, by tlie pleasure found in being readily understood. The difficulty ex- perienced in distinguishing and learning tlie tones is much less than is generally supposed.

The tones are marked iu this work chiefly (from p. 1 to p. 52) according to tlie standard five- tone system, or that now prevailing at Nanking, and in the northern pavfc of Kiang-su and Ngan-hwei. Such is the system adhered to iu the native Mandarin dictionary mentioned above, and by Pre mare, Morrison, Medhurst, and other authors.

645651

TABT.E OK CONTENTS.

	LJiSSONS	1 to	52,
Lesson's
1 to 11.	Common \V ords.	OO.	丄 lltJ tV till,
12.	Boating.	o t o4.	JJiuner.
13.	The House.		A ""八 oi""J，、r^ o 1 >•! T>1 1 llf^ 1
14.	！ Money.	oO.
15.	The Country.	o/.
16.	The 】3ody.	OO.	T? 1 /iT\ ri o n TO
17.	Conversation.	OA Oii.	Silver niiucs.
18.	Tailor.	AC)
19.	Society.	A^ *xl .
20.	Messages.	a 二 ，	T I， 1 1 Lr \ o VI (J*!! f l^lTl
21.	Measures,	^O.	urs.
22.	Worship.		T，、、 》、f、、、4"i*ir1 "Fr、 ，，t1 1 nf ，、 \ 1 Q T \ IT ™ 丄 LUpOIttXl lUl L Ig^Ll *、JAIIU—
23.	Man.		factures.
24.	Time.	45.	Foreij^ii Tribute.
25.	Strength and Skill.	40.	Emperor's »Seal.
26.	！ Mason's work.	47.	Gratitude, an anecdote.
27.	Study.	48.	Generosity, an anecdote.
28.	Ancestors.	.49.	Self-control, an anecdote.
29.	Servants,	50.	Integrity, an anecdote.
30.	Trade.	i 51.	Kiilrs for a free School.
31.	War,	i 52.	A Cuveni.

Lists of Usj^fcj. Wori^s and Sviokt 1?huask3.

1. Place and Direction.

2. Time.

3. Anirmatlve and Negative

Kxprossicjiis.

4. Common Adjectives. 0. Prepositions*

G. Postpositions. 7. Fra;^nunitary Clauses at ibo end of Sciitonws.

8, Con junctionB.

9. Nanics of Imports, Wax, etc.

10. Incense, Popper, etc.

11. ^Medicines.

12. J\Iiscellaneou3 articles. 1:3. Mariue productions. 14, TJyes and Colours. IT). Woods.

i 10. Time-pieces, Tdoscopos, oto.

V

17. Cotton Goods.

18. Woollens^ etc.

19. Metals.

20. Precious Stones, etc.

21. Animal Products.

22. Exports ― Oil, Wax, etc.

23. Medicines.

24. Miscellaneous Articles.

25. Colours, Paper etc.

26. Various Wares.

27. Wood.

28. Clothing.

29. Native Linen and Cotton

Manufactures

30. Silk Mauufactures.

31. Articles of Food.

32. Common Utensils.

33. Vegetables and Fruits.

34. Domestic Animals.

35. Birds.

36. Fishes.

37. Cart Furniture, etc.

38. Words used iu Building,

39. Liquids.

40. Clothing,

41. Sickness.

42. Boat furniture, etc.

43. House furniture.

44. ？ insects, Reptiles, etc.

45. Common Verbs.

46. Distinctive numeratives*

47. Significant numeratires.

48. Wei gilts and Measures.

49. Collectives.

50. Auxiliary nouns of quality.

51. Numeral particles to verbs.

52. Phrases at an Inn,

Appendix.

I. ― Tones of the Peking dialect, TI. ― Tones of the Nanking dialect. III.— Tones at Cliefoo.

Alphabet and Tone Marl's.

1. The five vowels i, e, a, o， u， when tliey are not followed by a filial n or ng, have the Italian sound. They are the vowels con- tained in the words fee, fay, papa, foe, too.

2. The vowels i， e, when followed by n or ng， are pronounced as the vowels in e， fin, and fun. But after i and y, the vowel e is to be sounded as e in sent. A, o， u, when n and ng follow are Tiuaffected by that circuin stance.

3. The vowel i is heard like e, in middle, tassel, ancle.

4. The vowel u is heard like 11， in the French words tit une.

5. The vowel e is heard as the first e， in there or as ea in hear. G. The mute and sibilant consonants k, 七， p， f, s, sh, ch, are

pronounced as in English. Though sometimes a little softened in northern dialects, so as to be heard like g, d， 1)， etc., this need not be noticed in expressing their proper ortliograpliy.

7. An inverted comma above the line follows the consonants k, t， p, ts, ch, when they are aspirated. In such case a strong guttural aspirate closely follows tlie sound of these consonants. Pronounce as the word Tahiti without the vowel a. This might be expressed by T^iti, according to the orthography now explained.

8. In the mandarin of tlie north and the west, the initials h and s coincide before i and ii. The sound formed by this union may be denominated a sibilant h, or an aspirated s， and the spelling lis has been proposed for it, but it will probably become sh in the course of years.

9. In the same dialects, ts and k coincide before the same vowels i and u. The sound thus formed may be written k， ts, or ch. It is not plainly defined, and is constantly hoveriug between these various phonetic values. After a further period of change, it will probably determine itself finally in a distinct ch.

10. Every word is pronounced evenly, or with a rising or falling inflection of the voice, or with a double inflection. It may be pitched high or low, according to the usage - of any particular dialect, and be enunciated quickly or slowly. All words iii the

Vll

language are arranged in four or five large groups, and one of these , tones or inflections is attached to each. Thus tlio great class to which each word belongs is known, by the intonation with which it is habitually pronounced.

11. The five tone classes are marked in the following manner ：

TONE CLASS.	CHINESE NAMES.	EXAMPLES.
First tone. Second tone. Third tone. Fourth, tone. Fifth tone.	上 平 sliang p'ing 上 聲 sliang sheng 去 聲 c'hii sheng 入 聲 juh sheng 下 平 hia p'ing	烏 ,WU 五 'wu 務 wu' 屋 wuh 猴 .wu

* For Nanking mandarin, the fourth tone-class or juli slieng is marked with a final h. In the N"ortli, the words of this tone-class are distributed among the other tone classes, and the number of tones is then fcmr.

Note to Eevised Edition. In numbering the tone classes, the native system is followed, which in the tonic dictionaries, whether for the general language or for provincial dialects, makes Sbang slieng the second tone, C^hii slieng the third, and Juh sheng the fourth ； and so on the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eiglith for the lower series where this exists.

In Sir T. Wade's works the Hia p^ing is called the second tone the Shang slieng the third, etc. This is an innovation.

To avoid practical inconveniences the learner is recommended to make use of the Chinese names, Shang p(ing, etc, and not of numbers.

Wlien tlie Chinese began 1200 years since to mark tones, there were four in the language and they agreed to denote them by small circles at the four corners of a charactar. Thus 舆 yii in p'ing sheng, 與 yii in Sliang slieng, 與 yu in C'Mi slieng, and 度 dok in Juh sheng.

This is the basis of the tone notation adopted in Dr Williams' dictionaries, and in the present work.

PBOGUESSIVE LESSONS

IN THfi

CHINESE SPOKEN LANGUAGE.

LESSON

我 們 'Wo men, m.

們 ，Ni .men, you, 他 ,T'a .men, they. 船 .C'hwen, sMp; hoat.

絲 ,Si, silk.

我 ，Wo， L 你 'Xi, thou.

，T'a he. 人 ,Jen, man. 樹 木 Shu' mull, frees.

,Shu, hooJi. 這個 Clie' ko'， this.

Shi'', is; teas. 的 Till, sign of possessive. 這 個 人> ^ die' ko'

como, or this man's not coming. 我 們 的 船 ，wo .men tih .c'hwen, our ship. 他們的 縣 ,t'a .men ,si, their silk. 不 是我們 1^ slii' 'wo .men tih, it is not ours. 這個書 ^是 你&^ ko( ，slm puh shV ，！ li tih, this hook is not yours.

'Sliui, 'wafer. M 13 Na' koS that 不 Puh, not. 來 .Lai, come. .jcn puh. .lai, this man will not

LESSON" 2.

有 'Yeu, have ； there u. 好 'Hau, good.

沒 有 Mull ， yeu, have not. 不 好 Pull 'han, bad.

這 ft Che' ，li， here. M M Na* ，li， there.

^ 樣 Che' yangS this sort. 樣 Na' yaiig', that sort.

[ 2 ]

在 T.saiS at; in; to he at. 都 ，Tii， all.

多 To, many. 少 'Shau, few. 多少 ，To 'sliau, how many ？

大 Ta'， great. yj、 'Siau, little, small.

輕 ，Kau， //if///. 低 ，Ti, low.

运 個不 是好人 che' ko《 pub. slii' ，hau .jen, this is not a good man,

好人少

'hail .Jen 'shau, good men are few.

咨這 裏有水 tsai' che' ，li 'yeu 'shui, there is water here.

运 個 絲 不 好 che' ko( ，s'i puh 'hau, this silk is not good.

傅 們 都 在 适 裏 ,t'a .men ,tu tsai' che* ，li， they are all here.

运 樹 都 是高的 che' jsliu ,tu sill' ,kau tih, these trees are all JiiriJi.

這檨 樹木好 die' yang' sliu' mub. 'hau, trees of this sort are good.

适 裏的人 不 少 che* ，li till .jen puh 'shau, the men here arc not few.

大 書 有 小 書 沒 有 ta( ,shu 'yeu 'siau ，sliu muh 'yeu, there are large books, but no small ones.

LESSOT^ 3.

拿來

.Na .lai， bring. 拿去 .Na k*ii'(c*liu),^«/.-e away,

^ 'Tseu, walk. 去 K'ii', go.

東西， Tung，si，(east，west),/"'"y|'j， Shi' .t'sing, a matter.

甚麽 Shen' 'mo, what ? 那 -奠 'Na ，li， uhcre ?

叫 Kiau', call; is called. 幾 時. 'Ki .shi, when ？

衣 服 ，I fuh, clothes. 布 Pu', cotton cloth.

綱 .C'hon, iroren silh; pongee. ^ .P'ing, buttle; pitcher.

這個綢 》4 甚麽 cbe' ko' .c'heu kiau' shen' 'mo, what is tliiH fi/7/c callnl ？

运 個 是 好 東 西 cbc' ko* sli'i' 'hau ,tung ，si， this is a good thing.

那個 不大 na' ko' .p'ing puli ta'， that hottle is not large.

不是我 的衣服 puh s】i? ，wo tih ，i fuh, thei/ are not my clothes.

他不去 ，t'a puh k'ii', he will not go. ^ jj^ .na ,shu .lai, bring book"

[ 3 ]

把東 西拿去 'pa ,tnTig ,si .iia k'ii', take the things away •

船 在那裏 .c'hwen tsai' ，na ，K， u'he''() is the boat ？

布幾 時拿來 pu' 'ki ,slii .na .lai, ivhm did you hring the cloth ？ *

^ ^ 系系 多 clie( yang' ,si ,to， there is much of this silk,

( /•(!/(■ silk.)

那樣樹 木不大 na' yang' shu' muli puh. ta'， that kind

of fi-ce is not l(mj'". 這個 是甚麽 clie' ko* slii' shen' 'mo, what is this ？

LESSON 4.

自 己 Tsi' ，ki， self. 這麽攀 Che* 'mo yang', thus.

全 .T'siuen, all; ichole. 怎 麽 樣 ，Tsen 'mo yang', who?

各 Koh, each; every. 做 Tso'， do; make.

^ ,Sie, a few of. ^ .Ho, with ； harmony.

這 ^ Clie' ，sie， this sort of. {1} .T'ung, together with.

向 IIiaug(， toicarth; to. ^ ,T'sung,//'ow; to accord with.

^ Sliwoh, to say; speahiih/. Yau*, to u'cint ; heg.

他自 己沒有 ,t'a ts'i' 'ki niuh 'yeu, he himself has it not.

我 們 全 去 'wo .men .t'siuen k'ii', ice 'u'il'l all go.

你 去叫他 來 ，ni c'hii' kiau' ，t'a .lai, go and call him.

幾 0 從上 來 'Id .shi .t'sung Shang' 'hai .lai, when did

lion, com I:' from Shnvghai ？ 這些 人都 是廣' 京來的 che' ,sie .jen ,tu slii' 'Kwang

,tung .lai till, tl"'se pi't'soiis {or persons of this sort) all come

from Canton.

各人 § 己說 toll .jen tsi' 'ki sliwoli, let each one tpeakfor

Jt/lJ/.S(/f.

全 是运麽 樣 .t'siuen sill' die' 'mo yang', it is all so. 不 做 甚 麼 puh tso' shon' 'mo, he does nothing. 遑 布怎麼 樣做的 clie' pu' 'tscn 'mo yaiig' tso' tih， how is this doth m'ide /

那 裏做的 .c'beii 'na ，li tso' tib, ichcre is icoven silk inadc /

向他 說要 那衣服 h;ang' ，t(a shwoli yau' na' ，i full, he

said to him tlud Jie u'aided the clothes.

C i ]

LESSON 5.

了 ，Li:m， sign of the past. Itwa', pivfurc ; to dra/r. ， g, iam】）. 金 Jvin, gohl. S 忍 得 Jon' toll, hi cm'. * 斤 ,Kin, a cathj ; 1\ lbs.

Ts'i', characters. 夕卜國 飞 Vai《 kwoh, foreign. 阜 ^rfj* .Tlwaug ti、 emperor. 月 Yueh Iiaiig"， the ntoon. paper.

茶 葉 .C'ha yeh, tea in leaf. ， liiicc yon written.

鈴 Kih ('kei ), give.

Hwa', language', words. 呢 .Ni, final interrogative. 紅 .Hung, red. 漢 Han', Chinese. 門 .Men, door. 寫 ，Sie, to icriie. 中國 jClmng kwoh, China. 現在 Hien' tsai', at present 太陽 T'ai( .yang, the sun.

Pih, pencil ; pirn. 替 我 T'i' 'wo, for me. 寫 了字呢

給 m m m kill ( kill) ,t'a '(； li'i vung', (/ire 】ihn pr'pci' to use.

VinL "flf 'wo jcri' tell ,f a, I k)ioiv him.

拿 筆 5^ 爲 字 .11 a pih .lai 'sie ts'i'， bring a pencil to n-rite.

有 個紅門 ,yeu ko' .hung .men, there in a red door.

.na liwa' .lai k':m'， Jn-ing pictuyca for me io -sw.

現 在 皇 帝 好 的 bien' tsai' .Invaiig ti' 'ban tib, the present emperor is good.

3 隻 有 月 rauh 'yeu yueh 〃 〃'； v /、， iw wooH.lighf.

Wj ^fe K t'ai' .yaiig t'ai' ta', Uie .、.〃" /.s- rcri/ poirorfxl.

li 翁^ 服紅 ,t'a till ,i full .l.iino-, hi

red.

LESSON G.

— ■ Yih, one; a. —- Er', two.

； m ,San, three. 四 Si', four. 五 'Wu, five.

六 IjuI;, or ]in 七 T'sih, seven. /V Pall, eigJit. 九 Mvicn, nine. + Shih, /(•".

liS 得 jeu' teh, know a person or hioir cliarndcrs.

曉得

'liiuu tdi, hioiv thovovgJibj. 道 ,clii (au', know a fact.

[ 5 ]

筒 or 個 Ko', numeral foi' 本 Ten, roof, roltimc, numeral

men, etc. 買 'Mai, biu/. '用 Yung', to use; cat. 能 -Neng, can. 爲甚麽 Wei' slien* 'mo,

for books. 賣 Mai', sell.

W 人 Yung' •jen, servant. ^ ,C'hwen, to imcrt ； put on. z 曉 得 'Hiau teh, to know. 七 個用人 t'sih ko' yuug' .jen, seven ser rants. 要 三四個

yau' ,san si' ko', / icant three or four.

J« 五 斤茶葉 mai' ,wu ,kiu .c'ha yeli, buy Jive catties of tea.

賣 紙 的 人

'mai 'chi tih .jen, a man wlio sells papar. 穿 紅 衣 服 ,c'iiwen .hung ,i fub, he put on red clothes. 拿 三個燈

•na ,san ko《 ,teng, brbig three lamps.

-k 個 .，\ 用 茶 lull ko' .jen yung' .c'ha, six men took tea.

買 — 本 書 'mai yih 'pen ,shii, buy a hook.

$ ^ 育巨 買 書 che* ，li puh .neng 'mai ,shu, here hooks caviwt he houglit.

甚 麽 ^ 去 wei' shen' ，！ no puh c'hii, u'hj do you

not go ？

不 曉 得 puh 'liiau teh, I do not know.

LESSON 7.

說 H 荒 shwoh ，！ umig, to lie. f 董 'tung, understand.

看 K'an', to see. > 見 Puh kien', to lose; lost.

查 .C'ha, to seeJi. 刷 ,Sliwali to brush.

鞋 子 .Hiai (.Lie) ts ？， shoes. 釘 ,Ting, a nail.

洗 臉 'Si 'lien, wash one* s face. Ting', to nail.

走 路 'Tseu lu、 to walk. 慢 Man', slow; aJoivly.

4^ K'wai', sharp; quickly; soo'" . 刀 ，Tau， hi'tfe; sword.

飯 FauS rice. 吃 飯 C'hih fan*, tal:e a meal.

'Ilau, n-cll; good; done. Hioli (.hiau), to karn.

天 jT'ien, hcarm; day; wmthc>'. Ti'， earth. 上 ShangS above. 下 Hia'， heloiv.

[ 6 ]

東西 不見了 ,tang ，si puh kien, ，li'au， things are lost.

filj 嬉 個衣脤 slnvah che' ko' ，i full, hru^Ji these clothes.

&那個 P3 ting' na' ko' .men, nail that door.

慢 慢 走 man' man' 'tscii, u-alk sloirli/; mt.it' a little.

^ 路 'tscu lu' k'wai', he iralls fad.

'(^: 好 你 的 臉 'si 'liau 'ni till 'lien, wash yonr face icell.

看 puh 'hail k'iiu', not good to see. ^}\\ 子 sliwali .liiai 'tsi', hrmh shoes. 拿 快 刀 來 .na k'wai' ,tau .lai, bring a sharp knife. 他 5^ 快 jf t'a* .lai k'wai' 'liau, he icill come soon. 沒 有 學 ruuli 'yen hioli, I Jidve not yet learned. f 董 不 f 董 'tuiig puh 'tung, do underdand or not ？

LESSON" 8.

生 意 ,Sheng i'， frruh. ffl 裏 .T'ien ，li， in the fields.

貴 Kwei', dear; honourahle. 賤 Tsien', cheap; poor. 熱 Jell (jo'), hot. ^ Jiang, cool.^{^ 'Leng, cold. ^ 要 Pull yau', I do not want.^ Ileh (,hei), bifick. 15 SM .Man .t'eu, bread. t3 Peli (.pai), white.

事骨 I' Shi' ，t'i， a nmifei:

最 Tsui', renj.

早 'Tsau, earhj.

今 ,Kin, 體 r.

》Li、 ,Sin, heart; mind.

身 子 ，Shen ，ts'i， hodi/. T 貢 'Ting, wosf, top. 兩 個 'Liang ko', two. 有 限 'Yeu hien', not nmchjfew. 'K'i ('c'lii), rise ； begin.

的 不 Kwei' till pull yau', if dear, I do not want if,

這 個 ]* 貝 賤 cbc' ko' ting tsien', this is tJte cheapest.

至 Ij 田 裏去 tau' .t'ien ，li. c'hii', (jo into t/ie fields.

你 來 不 早 'iii -liii puh 'tsau, you have not come early,

天 熱起來 ，t'ien jell 'c'lii .lai, t lie' wed titer is gro>ving hot.

天 ^ ^< 芽 的 jt'icn 'long yau' ，c'h、vcii till, when the iccat/ier cohl I fi//all wear if.

生 意不好 ,slieng i《 pull 'liau, trade is had.

人有限

.jen 'ycu hicn', fit ere are few men.

运些人 吃優頭 clie' ，sie .jeu c'liili .man .t'eu, these

people eat bread.

黑的多 白的少 hell till ，to pell till 'shau, there are iixnii/ blacl-, bat few white.

雨斤 紅茶葉

'liang ,kin .hung .c'ha j-eh, two catties

of hhirl,- tea. 早 些 來 'tsau ,si'e .lai, come earlier.

"(ii 不燒得 事骨農 ,t'a pull ，！ liau teh sh'i' 't'i, he does not know 'mutters.

LESSOR}" 9.

狠 'Hen, exceeding J 1/ (initial). 年爲 ^ Teli 'hen, exceecUngJif 棉 花 .Mien ，liwa， cotto)t. 系 子 Twan* ，ts'i， satin, (tin.) H C4iih, foot ^ T'sun', inch.

幾個， Ki k (0， how many ？ 多 'Hau ，to， m'y many.

jShwang, a pair. vM 'Tsieu, wine; spirit.

鷄 ,Ki, fold. 1^ C'hih juh (jeu')， cat meat.

羊 .Yang, sheep; goat. 猪 ,Cliu, pig.

魚 .Yii, fish. ，Ta， beat; catch.

^ V ,si, meaning. Nien', read.

Cliih, numeral for sheep, etc.^ 'Li within, 房 ^ .Fans: 'tsi, house. 頭 Wai' .t'eu, outside.

到 房子裏 去冩字 tau' .fang tsi' ，H c'liii' ，sie ts?， go

into the room and ivrife.

那個魚 好 iia' ko' .ii 'lien 'liau, that fish is very good. 二 斤 綿 花 ,san ,km .mien ,liwa, three catties of cotton. 七 雙 鞋 "f^ t'sih jshwang .hiai 'tsi, seven prirs of shoes. 買十 尺； f 、度子 'mai sliih c'hih twan' 'tsi, buy ten feet of self in.

這 隻鶴狠 好 clio' cliih ,ki 'hen 'hau, this fowl is excecd- inrfUj flood.

這個甚 麼意思 che' ko' shen 'mo i' ,si, what does this mean /

房子 奸得狠 -fang 'tsi" 'hau teh 'hen, the house is very good. 念過 書沒有 nien' kwo' ,shu mei' 'yeu, ham you read hooksf

[ 8 ]

g 個人 來 ，ki ko' .jen .lai, how many men came ？

^ "J^ ^ )^ tsai' .fang 'tsi ，li 'leng, within the house it /.、' ('old.

IS 子做 的衣服 twan' 'ts'i tso' tih ,i fuh, clothes made of satin.

兩 寸 黑 '鞭 子' 'Hang (/sun' hell twan' 'tsi, two inches of hiach mini.

拿 熱水 來 .na jeh 'sh ai .lai, bring hoi irafer.

生 意 有 限 ,s】ieug i' 'yen hi en', there is not much trade.

他 fPI 在 夕卜 頭 ，t'a .men tsai' wai' .t'cu, the// are outside.

liESSOK 10.

P 易 酒 Holi 'tsieu, f.o drink icinc.^ 天 Pan' ,t(ien， half a day.

,Pei, cup. ttl 、/干 C'huli ban', to perspire.

雨 'Liang, a tnel ; two. 困 il' 匕 ，Yiii 't'si, therefore.

打 發 'Ta fall, Hend. 進 Tsin', enter.

送 Sung', present ； escort. 囘 .Ilwei, go back.

— ' 丈 Yih chang', a chang,j^ Sing, family name. 10 fed. '

車 子 ,C'he 'tsi, carriage. 府 上 'Fu shang', your home.

想 'Siang, to thin!:. *lj 'Koh, cut with knife.

城 裏 Cheng ，li， in fJte city. ^ 'Tsi en, cut with scissors.

'Wail sliang', (d night. ^ Pu', cotton cloth.

^ f ^ ^ ，siang ，liau pan' ,t'ieu, he thought for half a day i. e. a loiuj time.

剪 幾尺布 tsieu 'Id c'hih, pu', or 绞幾尺 ♦ 'chiau 'flu c'h'i pu', how many feet of cloth shall I cut ？

買 羊 肉 七 八 斤 ，mai .yang juh t'sih pah ,kin, buy seven

or eiijh t caff, ICS of mutton. 打 兩個 人去， ta fah 'liang ko' •jcn c'hiiS send two men. 進 城 去 了 tsin* .c'heng c'hii' ，liau， lie /las gone into the city. [eJ 去 城 裏 .hwci c'liLi' .c'heng ，li, he has returned into

〃"' （'〃,/•

府 上 裏 'fu sliang' ，na 'li, where is your palace? i. e. home.

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LESSON 11.

Hia*, summer.

秋 ,T'sieu, autumn. 冬 ,Tung, winter.

花 ,Hwa, flowers. 風 ,Fung (feng), u-ind.

緑 Luh (Hi'), green. 苦 'K'u, misery; hitter.

草 'T'saii, grasf;. 救 Kieu', save.

容 易 .Yung i'， cnsy. 難 .Nan, difficult.

住 Clui', to chcell. 難 Nan', snfcring.

價 錢 Kia', .t'sien, price. 幾 個 ，Ki ko'， how many ？

地 方 Ti' ,fai]g， place. # 命 Sing' mins:', life.

R 斗 KiauS crruse; call. 新 ,Sin, new. 舊 kieu(， old,

這裏 花草多 die* ，】i ,hwa 't^sau ，to， JI oncers and grass

那 個甚麽 化 na' ko' slien' ，！ no ,hwa, what foiver is that ?

不 容易做 puh .yung i' tso*, wot easij to do.

住 在 那 裏 cliu' tsai' 'na ，li， where do you live ？

買 的 f 貿 錢 大 'mai tih kia* .t'sien ta'， you buy at a high price.

因此生 意不好 ,yin 't'si ,sheng i' puh 'bau, and there- fore trade is had.

春 天 花 女子 ^ jC'hun jt'len ,hwa 'hau tih, in spring the floivevH are ,tUw.

^ ^ 的 入 die' ti' ,fang tih .jen, the men of this place. 出 * 看花 c'liuh c'hii' k'an* ,hwa, go out to see flowers.

天 '風 、^ ,tuiig jt'ieu ,fung 'leng, in winter the wind is cold. 多 ^ 縦 ,to 'sliau .c'heu twan', how much silk and satin.

是 苦 人 ，"'o slii' ，k'u .jen, I "m an unfortunate man. 救 性 命 kieu' sing' miug', to save life,

LESSON 12. BOATmG.

"^fci ^,'Sieii jslicng, nir; teacher.^ ,Chcn, true. 0^ Hwa', words. [續" .寶 Shib tsai'， trubj.

船 t -C'liwen 'cliu, chief hoat-'^ .T'ing, to stop. 碼 M ，）[a -t'eu, jetfi/. ^ .Yan, to scull.

雜 .Mail, anv/ior. 抛 ,r'au， to ''"st.

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蓬 .P'eng, sail. 起 'C'bi, to raise.

下 Hia', to let fall. 權、 'Lu, a scull .

柴 Tsiang', oar; to row. 慮 Shun', favourable; obedient

開 船 ,K'ai .c'hwcn, to start. [Sj 東 Hiang' ,tuiig, to go east

潮 水 .C'hau ，slmi， tide. 西 邊 ,Si ,pien, u'cstu'anl.

南 .Nan, soidh. 北 亩 Peh mien', northwards.

修 ,Sicu, to repair. 往 'Wang, to go.

先生 到那裏 jsien jslieng tau' 'na ，li， where will you go, sir ？

現 在拋錨 liien《 tsai*^ ,p^au .man, noio cast anchor.

四個 人搖船 SI* ko( .jen .yau .c'hwen, four men are sculling .

往東走 'wang, jtung 'tseu, go to the eastward.

向 南邊去 liiang* .nan ,picn c'hii', go to the southward.

快 快起蓬 k'wai' k'wai' Vlii .p'eng, raise the sail qaicUy.

'1 矢 快 搖 k'wai* k'wai' .yau, scull quickly.

眞是' i 失船 ,cheii shi' k(wai' .c'hwen, it is indeed a fast boat.

潮 沒有來 .c'hau muh 'j^eu .lai, the flood tide has not begun.

順 虱 呢 shun' ,fung .ni, is the 'wind fair ？

^ ，lu yau' ，sieu， the. scull needs repairing. 船 開 去 了 .c'liwen ，k'ai c'hii* 'liau, the boat has started. 停 船 在 這 裏 .t'iug .c'hwen tsai' clie' ，li, slop the boat here. tt^ 船 主 ^ kiau' .c'hweu 'cliu .lai, call the head boatman here.

LESSON 13. THE HOUSE.

前 f 3 .T'sicn .mGn, front c/oor.iB ,Kwan, to shut. 蓋 Kai', to hidld; cover. 玻 ,Po .li， glass. 客 人 K'eli .jen, gued. 開 ,K'ai, to open. 堂 .T'ang, hall. 書 房 ,Shu .fang, Hbrari/. 地 M Ti( 'pan, floor. t 妻 .Leu, upper-story.

上 .Leu shang', upstairs

憲 ,C'li\vang, window. 臥 房 W .fang, bed room. 梯 ，T'i, dairs. ； j; 卓 Choh, table. 7^ 'I, chair. 床 .C'hwang, bed. 帳 子 Chang' jts'i, curtain. 火 爐 'Ho .lu, fire stove.

璃 懲 ，k、vaii ,po ，li jC'hwaiig, close the glass windows.

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在書斧 i 裏有的 tsai' ,sliu •■fang ，li 'ycu till, in the library

iiirre are mute.

前 門不開 •t'sien .men puh ,k'ai, tJie front door is not open or the!! do not open.

墨 "~ * 條長墙 'lei yih .t'iau .c'hang .t'siaiig, hdld a long wall.

_il 邊 蓋 樓 sliang' ,pion kai' .leu, build an upper-dory above.

客人坐 在堂上 k'eh .jeu tso' tsai' .fang shang", the guests cm' i>itt'ni(j in the hall. \iipstairs.

樓上 沒宵 g .leu shang* muli 'yeu ,k'ung, there is no space

客堂沒 有地板 k'eh .fang muh 'yen ti( 'pan, the recep- tion J Kill has no wooden floor.

主 人坐南 'cliu .jen tso' .nan, the master sits to the southward.

LESSON 14. MONEY.

找 'Cliau, pai/ a remainder. 農 洋 ,Ying .yang, Mex. dollar. 銀 子 .Yin 'ts'i, silcer. 還 .Hwan, return money. 太少 T'ai' 'shau, too little. 市 上 Shi' shangS in the market

^ Pen .t'sicn, capital. 齒 上 ,Kiai shangS in the street.

^1 .T'sien, money ; cash. f 羊 .Yang .t'sieu, dollar. 四 開 Si' ，k'ai， shillmg. 値 Chih, to be worth.

換 Tui' hwan', exchange 賤 Tsieii', 'poor ; cheap. 'TT \pj -Haug .t'sing, price. 貝 Kwei', honourable ; dear. '- ， ,

Wi 起 來 'Chang Vhi .lai, rise ^ Loh, fall. . .

hi g Iter, (e.g. price of dollars ； also of the tide rising.) ~~ ' 雨 Yih 'liang, tael; ounce. ^ .T'sien, mace; l-lOif//. of an oz. 分 ,ren, candareen; 1-lOQ th o/ 角 Kioh, tenth of a dollar.

an oz. or dollar. 梵 換洋錢 tui' hwan' .yang .t'sien, change the dollars. 找你二 百 i@ 錢 'chau ，ni er' peh ko' .t'sien, I pay you

the reriHi'mdet', two liundi-ed ccish. 多少 屬洋 ，to 'shau ,ying .yang, hoic many Mexican dollars ？ 市上 不得買 slu' shang' puh teh ，mai， none to he bought

in tJte niarkvf.

東西 貴得狠 ,tung ,si kwei' teh 'hen, the things are vcnj dear. 详 價 i 張 起 來 .yang kia' 'chang 'c'Li .lai, the price of the dollar is riaiiKj.

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還你 - ~ ■ 兩二 錢 -liwan 'ui yili 'Hang cr' .t'sien, I return

//oif one t(iel and tiro n/acr. 三 角 四 分 ,saii kiuli si' ,fen, tl/rca-tendts and fonr-hundreds

of (( doUnr; '-'A cents. [,> r-//eap.

^ 子 g 賤 .yiu 'tsi hieii' tsai' tsicn', at pfcsent silver 價 錢 太 W kia' .t'sien i'ai' kwci', '(Me price is too much. 不 値 錢 pull cliih .t'sien, it is not worth cmythiiig.

LESSON 15. THE COUNTRY.

本 鄉 'Pen jliiang, niy viUarje. 種 地 Chung' ti', to sotr.

'T* jHiaiighia', f/w viilarjcs.'Yf Cliuli, or chub 'tsi, //am boo.

,T'sun, a riliage. 'Li, Chinese mile.

風 涼 ,Fuug .liaiigi cool. 二 ^ ,Sau ，li， Engliah mile. 花 草 ,Hwa 't'sau, fioiccrs and 走 遠 ，Tseu ，yuen， 'walk far.

grass. 歇 llieh, to rest.

今 年 ,Kiii .nien, this year. ^ 怕 Puh p(a'， not fear. 遊玩 .Yeu Avan', icalk for plea- ^ 路 Kin* lu', near rocid. 甲烏 子 Yali 'ts'i, dtich. 會 走 Ilwei' 'tseu, can walk.

看 鴨 K'an' yah, mdch dii.chs. 辛 苦 ,fSin ，k'u， th'ed. [renter. /]、 孩子， Siau .hai 'ts'i, '力 風 , Fung 'shui, wind and 庄 jChwang, cluster of hoims; 竹 林 Chuh .lin， bamboo grove.

liomcdead. 榜、 f 林 Shu' .lin, a wood. 有 趣 'You ,t(sii， preitij. 刮 Kwah, to hi on-. 到 鄉 下 去 tau( ，！ liang Ida' c'hii', go iulo Ike country. ^5 ~P 人 Ilia' .jen, coimtryvum.

上 街 市 去 了 yhang' ,kiai shi' c'liii' 'liau, to go to market.

看 鴨的人 k'an' yah till .jen, a iluck-hceper.

在 鄉 下 鶴 多 tsai' jhiang kia' ，ki ,to, in the count nj foich

an' nnnwroK^.

走 路 辛 -苦 'tscu In' ,sin 'k'u, he u-alked till he u'cts tired. 三 四 現 路 .san s'i' ，li lu', three or Jour le. [village. 村 I* 姓 jt'sun shang' till pcli sing", the people of the

下 yj、 孩 子 ,liiaiig Ilia' 'siau .liai 'tsi', villa-ge childrm.

住 在 鄉 "1、 庄 上 chu' tsai* ,liiau.g kia' ,ckwaug sliaug*>

he lives in a cuvntri/ hamlet.

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适 條 路 不 近 che' jt'iaii lii' puli kin', this road is not nrnr.

ML 水 狠 好 >tung 'shiii 'hen 'hau, the jwsHiou is very (jood (literaUy) the wind and water are very good.

^ij ^ J|i\j ^ kwah 'c'lii ,fung .lai, it herjinH to hloic.

~^、 ^1*0 路 遠 puh p'a' lu' 'yuen, he does not fear the distance.

走 路 快 'tseu lu' k'wai', lie 'walks qiticldi/.

花 有 'liwa 't'sau 'ycu ，t'sii， iJie flourrs are jyreify.

在竹林 裏遊玩 tsai' cUuli .lin 'li .you wan^, ivandcr for pleasure in hamhoo groves.

沒 有 風凉的 地 方 mull 'yeu ,fuug .liung tih ti' ,fang,

there " no cool place.

LESSON 16. THE BODY.

身 體 ,Sheu ，！/ i, the body, ^ 頭 K'oh .t'cu, iuahc a pros-

^fI ,Yen jtsiug, eyes. 帶 Tai', to carry. [tration.

瞎 Hiah, blind. \Jtnml 鄉 .Ilien, hold in the mouth.

斬 手 'Chau 'sheu, cut off the 站 ChanS stand. ^ 链 .T'eu fall, hair. T'au, to ruH.

弟 ij T'i'， shave. 餓 "Wo'， hunrjrij.

嘴 裏 ,Tsui 'li, in the mouth. 跳 T'iau', jump. 大 脚 Ta' kioh, large feet. 晚 拜 Ivwei' pais hied and bow.

堂 Jliiing .fang, tho chest. 4l、 腸 ,Sin .c'hang, heart. ^ 'Sheu ,sin, palm of hand, ^jp] 'T*aiig, to lie doivn. 模 Moh, to touch. • 生 病 ,Sheng pingS to he sick.

flU 奮 了 'yeu jtsing hiali 'liau, he is blind. ^ 了 病 jsheng 'liau ta' ping', he has had severe illness. 跑 在 路 上 'p'au tsai lu' sliang', running on the road.

了他的 5§ 'chau 'liau ，t'a tih .t'cu, thei/ cut off his head. 站 起 來 chau' Vhi 、lai, stand up.

1'^* 在 床 上 't'ang tsai' .c'hwang shang*, he is hjinrj in heel. ^ 在 ^ 裏 tai' tsai' 'sheu 'li, can'y in the hand. 寺 摸 ~- - 模 看 'sheu moll yih moh k'an*, touch it with your Jiainl and m'. [^very long.

頭 髮 不狼長 .t'eu fah puh 'hen .c'hang, his hair is not 可 以 .跳 下 來 ，k'o ，i t'iau' liia' .lai, you may juwp doini.

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塊 下 ^ 拜 他 k"'ei< hia' .lai pai' ,t^a, kneel iloivn and bote to li tin .

^ 要 弟 ij 頭 yau< t'i' .t'cu, do not share your head. 嘴裏, 什 東西 ,tsui ，U .Lieu slieu' mo ,tung ,si,

'ichat is he huldiiuj in his ■inoulli.

LESSON 17. CONVERSATIOX.

貴姓

Kwei' sing', your Hcime ? 尊 ,Tsuu, Jionoumhlc ; ymr.

.Ming, proper name, 寒 .Han, cold; mean ; my.

號 Hau', lite )•(()•[/ ncDiie. C'liu', a place. \_nnme ？

貴地 Kwei' ti'， your home ？ 0j 姓 ,Kau sing', yow high siir- 舍 下 She' hai*, my cottage. 肯 庚 Kwei* ,keng, your age ？ 令 Ling', honoured; yonr. 歲 >Sui', years of 呼；

Pi', poo)' ; mean ; ^ Ling' .t'ang, your mother.

令 ^ Liug' Jang, your son. 寶 'l*au ,kiueu, ijour wife.

^Liiig' ngai', //our daugJiter. ^ 厲 ,Tsua kia(， you. 家^^ ， Kia jkiuen, wife ami ^^Kwei' ,kan, your business.

children. 貴 藥 Kwei' yeh, your trade.

寶 Tau， valmMe. ]|£ 刻 'T'si' k'ch, at present.

Pieh, other. ig 今 Hien' ，km， ditto.

位 Wei', numeral for men. 你 好 ，Ni 'hau, are you ivell ？ 先 生尊姓 ,sien jslieng ,tsuti siugS teacher^ what is your

貴 府那裏

]vwei^ ，fu ，丄 la ，H， where is your homumhle home ？

幾時 到敝地 'ki .slii' tau* pi《 ti(， when did you come here ？

貴國是 那一國 kwei' kwoh slu' 'na yih kwoh, of 'what ];i)}(l(loiii are >/on /

13 庚 ,kin .nien kwei' ,keng, liow old are you tJiis year ？

你來什 麽貴幹 'iii .lai shih 'mo kwei' ,kan, on what

({fl'dir Jtace i/uit come ？

蜀 .l;iu 】da(， I hare troithled yon.

令 郧幾歲 ling' .lang 'ki sui(， hoic old is your sou ？

蠻 眷 在 不 在 'pan jkiuen tsai' puh tsai', is your wife ivith you or not /

j^lj 號 呢 pieh hau' .ui, what is your Ulcranj name ？

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沒 有別的 話 說 muh 'you pieh till hwa* shwoh, I have not /ting Diore fo .、■〃//.

此》 j 做什 麽事 ，t'si' k'eh .lai tso' sliih 'mo sill's at

prcsmt wh((t hare you co)iie to do ？

LESSON 18. TAILOR.

裁 縫 .T'sai iung, a tailor. 叙 子 'Nieu 'tsi, button. '01* ,Chen, needle. ~ • 工 Yih ,kung, one day, s worh 牢 •Lau, lasting; strong. 叙 P 'Nieu 'k'eu, button hole、 様 子 Yang' ，tsi， pattern. 子 .l"au 'tsi, thick robe,

'縫 .Fung (e), a seam; to s 柳. 背 ； lj> Pei( 'sin, waist coat. 大 呢 Ta( .ni, icoaUen cloth. 剪 刀 'T^^ien ,tau， scksovs. 鈔 ,Sha, gauze. 變 T'ang', to iron.

件 Kien', numeral for garments. 絲 線 ,Si sieu', silk thread. ^ 掛 'Ma kwaS jacket. 錦 線 Mien sienS cotton thready 長 # .Chang jshan, Jong rohe)^ 金十 ，Ti ,cbeii, thimble. — (01， Chiang pu' ,shan.) 結 寶 Kieh shih, firm. 'jj^ 'Twan ，shan， short co«^.||i{l 子 K'u 'tsi, trowsers. 汗 衫 Hau' jshan, shirt. 湖 .Hu' ,cheu, crape. 先 ,Sien, fird. ^ ^ Heu' .lai, after.

做 —- ■ 件 長 布 衫 tso' yih kicn' .c'liang pu' ,shau, 'make a louij coftnn robe.

运 胃 .fung tsai' che* mien', place the scam on this side.

拿 呢 裁 樣 子 .ua .ni .t'sai yaug' 'tsi, t(tke the woollm cloth and cut ottt tlic pattern ,

用 絲 線 縫 上 yung' ，s'i sien' .fung shang', sew it with silk.

不 牢 .mien sieii' piih. .lau, cotton thread is not so lasting.

-" ' 件 '馬 桂 1、 yih kien' ，ma kwa', one jaclief. [blue silk gowns.

做 兩 件 藍 綱 衫 tso' 'liang kien' .Ian .c'heu ,shaii, make two

先 剪 樣 子 >sion 'tsien yang' 'tsi', first cut out the pattern.

做 了 兩 工 tso' 'liau 'liang ,kung, I have done two da'ya, work.,

穿 起 來 看 ,c'hwen 'c'lii .lai k'an*, put it on and see.

；;; Ac 呢 裁好了 ta' .ni .t'sai 'liau 'liau, the cloth is already cut.

•~ ■ 條呢 l/'ji 子 yih .t'iau .ni k'u* 'tsi, a pair of cloth trou-sers,

夕 I* 國樣式 wai' kwoh yaiig' sliih, foreign fashion.

紐： f B 太 小 'uicu ，k'eu t'ai' ，siau， the button hole is too small.

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LESSON 19. SOCIETY.

朋 友 .P'eng 'you, frieucL 頁 i|j> .Liang ，sin， comcience.

老 實 'Lau shih, honest. 做 官 Tso' ,kwan, be in office.

品 'P'in liing', conduct. 懂 得 'Tung tch, nmkrstand,

端 方 ,Twan ,faiig, upright. 老 午 'Lau 'tsi, father.

祧唆 ，T'imi ,so, so?c discord. 娘 .Niang, mother.

flfi 們 ，Tsa .man* we. |i 來 •T《sai .lai, just come.

纖見— p 'eng' kicii'， fo meet. 長 輩 'Chang pei', superiors.

)Tl 唐 ，Hwaiig .fang, fake. 禮 貌 ， Li mau(， ； politeness.

相 ^ ，Siaiig ，ii， mutual!}/. ^ 白 .Ming peh, char ； hum. 上 當 Shang' tang', fall into 請 坐 'T'sing tso'， pkme sit snares. (hu'>i.

家 信 Kia' sin', home letter. 平 輩 .P'ing pei(， equals.

亘忍 得 Jen* teh, to know. 老 fif 'Tseu 'hau, step carefully.

信 專 Sin' sib, news. 腕 擎 'Wan pei'， inferiors.

不 認 得這 ia 人 pull jen' teh che' ko' jon, I do not

Inioic "lis man,

不 要上當 pull 'you shang' tano-', do not fall into a mare. 他 上了當 ，t(a shang* ，liau tang', he is fallen into a snare. 請 坐 在 裏 't^sing tso《 tsai' clie' ，li， please sit here. 你是 長輩， ni sill' 'cliang pei'， you are superior. [^inferiors. 我們是 腕輩了 'wo .men sh'i' 'wan pei' 'liau, we are you}"

那 個朋友 不老實

that fi-ic lid IS not to he trusted.

荒 唐的話 ,hwang .t'ang tih hwa《, li/ing loords.

老子 娘過了 'lau 'ts'i .niang kwo* 'liau, his father and mother are no more.

負 們 f 董 得 'tsa .men 'tung tch, ice understand.

良 4^、 不 好 .Hang ,sin puh 'liau, his conscience is at fault.

祧 唆別人 't'iau ，so pieli .jen, he sowed discoid (im 職 (j others.

^ ^ ^2 'hen 'yeu ，li mau*, he has vorij much politeness.

他 要做宫 ,t'a yau' ts(/ ,k\van, he wishes to be a mmidarin.

— ' 個 用 人 ^1 來 yili ko《 yuLig" .jeu ,t(sai .lai, a servant has jmt come.

* 'Tta .men, xoe^ u.>, or we and you ； oxers and yours, 'Wo »iiieu, we; 厂

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LESSON 20. 'MESSAGES.

片 子 P'icn* 'tsi, 紙名 通報 ,T'uTig pau*, announce.

，cM .miug visit— card. 替 我 T'i' 'wo, in my name. 送客 Sung* 'k'cli, escort gnosis.'^ 新 Kau* sii(, mfoym. 拿信. Na sill', tale a h'itev. 脚 夫 Kioh ，fu， a runner. ^ 信 Tai' sm'， carry a ]etter^\i 担 ，T'iau ,tan, carry loads. |p1 信 Jlwei sill', reply to letter.^ ,C'hai, send (a person). 條紙 T'iau 'clii, slip of paper. Ki', send (letter or parcel). 就 來 Tsieu' .lai, ('(me dircctJi/. ^ 信 'Tseu sin*, travel with leU

,T'iau, io mr;v/,(with a yoke). 打 聽 'Ta ,t*mg, inquire. 穩 .T'ai, to carnjy (of two 伯 局 Sin* kiili, letter office.

persons). [he is. 酒 錢 'Tsieu .t'sien, gratmty,

問 安 "VTen' jTig-an, ask how 騎 馬 .C'bi 'ma, to ride, 信 船 Sin* .c'hweu, letter Zw//*. 箱 子 ,SiaEg 'tsi, chest. 一 包 Yih ，pau， one parcel. 禮 物 'Li wuli, presents. 謝 謝 Sie' sie*, thanks. 封 ,Fung, numeral of letters.

送 片 子 去 sung' p'ien* 'tsi c'hii', take a card and p)'esent it. 送客 到船上 sung* k'eh tau' .c'hwen stang', escort the

rixitors to the honf. [Zo your home.

帶信到 家裏去 tai' sin* tau' ，kia ，li c'hii', take a letter I 信 的拿去 'tseu sin* tih .na c'liii*, the post'mm took it. 回 信 不 要 .Invci sin' puh yau', no anstcer is wan fed.

間他安 謝謝他 weu' ，t'a ,ugau ,siG ,sie ,t(a， ask how he

is and tluntk —liim. 差 ~ ' 個 人 ,c'hai yih ko' .jen, send a man. 打 聽 明 白 ,ta jt'iiig .ming peli, inquire fully, 問你 的信' & wen' 'iii tih sin' sih, mk news respecting you. 告 * 11^ 就要來 kau' su, ,t'a tsieu' yau' .lai, tell him to

C(»)ic at once.

兩 包禮物 'Hang ,pau 'li wuli, two parcels conUdniug prescnfs. 穩四 雙茶箱 -t'ai si' chih .c'ha ,siang， carry four tea chests. 德船 沒有到 sin' .c'hwcu niuh 'yen tau', the kiter boat

has not am' mi. 送 ~^ - 信 suiii;' yih jfung sin', lalw one kiter.

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騎 馬 快 快 走 .c'lii 'ma k'wai' k'wai' ，tseu， go quickhj on

• [noume it.

走 進 去 通 報 'tseu tsin' c'hii' ,t*ung pau', go in and an-

^ 1§ jt'iau jtung ,si c'hii', carry these things on your shoulders.

LESSON 21. MEASURES. 升 jSheiig, pint ？ ncasiire. 疋 P'ih, 40 feet of cloth; a piece. 米 'Mi, rice. T'ang'， column of characters

•i"!* ，Teu， ten sheng. 句 Kii', sentence. \Jtours.

舞粉 Mien' 'fen, flour. 時 候 .Sh'i heu*, two English

Huh, five teu. 刻 K'eh, quarter of an hour.

/]、 麥 'Siau meh (mai()， icheat. ^ Yueh, a month.

,Kang, large earthen water- 正 月 ,Cheng yueh, 1st month. 桶 'T'ung, a cask. [vessel 滿 'Man, full. 南 水 'Yii 'shui, rain ivater. 步 Pu', 5 feet, (land measure). j$t ,K'ung, empty. [vessel. ^ 'Meu, 240 square pu'.

Ung', large earthen water- 過 Kwo*, to pass. § Keu', sufficient. 下 Hia<， to fall; let fall.

一升米 不彀吃 yili ,slieng 'mi puh keu' c'hih, a. pint of "cc " not enouyh for him to eat. [龍 &》， 憎 sds.

買 雨 個 水 ^ ，！ nai 'liang ko* 'shui ,kang, buy two large — 个 時 yih ko' .sh'i heu', one Chinese hour. - ~ ■ 句 不 說 yih kii' puh sliwoh, he did not utter a sentence. — 句 不 yih kii'liwa' puh keu', one sen tence is not enough. 過 了 雨 個 時 kwo' 'liaii 'liang ko* .sh'i heu*, after four 不 — 個 月 pull' man yih ko' yueh, not a full month, \_hours.

ung ,siang, four empty trunks. 不 過 四 斤 puh kwo' s'i* ,kin, not more than four catties. 百四 +步 ' fiX er' peh si' shih pu* yih ，meu, 240 square pu make one meu.

十 尺 - ~ - 疋 s'i( shih c'hih yih p'ih, forty feet make one piece. 寸 ~~ • )^ shih t'sun' yih c'hih, ten inches one foot.

丈 shih c'hih yih cliang', ten feet one cliang, ^days. — - 兩 天 ,k'ung ,san 'liang ,t'ien, at leisure for two or three ~ ' \^ i?^ .na yili 't'uiig 'tsiou, hrhiy a cask of n-ine.

四十十 s 拿

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正 月裏不 S ,cheng yiieh 'li puh ,k'ung, not at leisure

*^%/l=， 麵"： Icharacters. 鳥 兩透子 ，sie 'liang fang' tsi', write a few columns of

~~ ' 亥 ij 工 夫 yili k'eh ,kung ，fu， a quarter of an hour's work.

"T* 了 雨不少 Ilia* 'liau ，U puh 'shau, a good deal of rain fell.

在 水 叙 裏 tsai' 'shui ,kang 'li, in the water tubs.

滿到 ~~ "尺 多高 'man tau' yih c'bi'h ，to ，kau， filled to more than a foot liigli.

LESSON 22. WORSHIP.

拜 Pai', to worship. 上 帝 Shang' ti'， God.

神道 .Shen tauS gods (Tst). 3E '^Yuh t\',god of the Taunts. 神 明 .Shen .ming, ditto. 廟 宇 Miau' 'yii, Tauist temples. 佛 Fuh, Buddha; Buddhas. [ /^/'s. ^ ,T'sien, bamboo divining rods. ^ ^Tsi' 'tsu, sacrifice to ances-^ ^ .K'ieu ,t'sien, to divine. 菩薩 ,P'u sah, Buddhid deitiesl^ jfl 印 ,Sin .shen, soul.

('2nd class). 求 ^ .K'ieu ，ii， pray for rain.

羅 漢 .Lo hanS do. (Srd class). 財 .T'sai .shen, god of riches. 寺院 Si' yuen', Buddhist 二 淸 ,San ,t'sing, three pure j:ade>'". [。麟 (Tauist (-

和 尙 .Ho shang', Buddhist 道 士 Tau' sh'i, Tauist priest. 功 德 >Kung teh, merit, 應. 二

,San 'pau, three jn'ecious 燒 香 ,8hau jhiang, hum in- ones, (Buddhist). 火堯紙 jSliau 'chi, burn jxq^cr. ^^Nieu' ,\nv^, chant prayers. 佛 教 Fuh kiau', Buddhist 添 上 ,T*ieii shang', to add. 面前 Mien'. t'sien'Zic/o"e. '觀音 ,Kwaii ,yin, goddess of 直 姓 Peh sing', the people. ^ 女 Fu( ，！ lii, ivomen. [tnercy.

這 i 百姓拜 佛的多 che' 'li peh sing' pai' Fuh tih ,to,

till' people liere modhj icomkip Buddha.

菩薩面 前燒香 •p'u sah mien' .t'sien ,shau ,hiang, hum

iim'ii'se he/ore F'u mh.

上 廟 乎 裏 去 shang' miau' 'ii 'li c'liii', to go into the temples. 有 事 f 寿 求 载 'yeu shi' .t'sing .k'ieu ,t'sien, if anythinq has

JuippeiK'd tlici/ inquire of the gods hy divination.

拜財 申的多 pai' .t'sai .shen tih ,to, those icho iconhip the god of riches are many.

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佛 有 二 寶 Full kiuu* 'yeu ,sau 'pau, f/w BiuhUmt religion }t"s the Three precious ones.

教 有 二 淸 Tail' kiau' 'yen ,sau ,t'sirig, the Taukt religion h"'， the 'Three pure' ones. [^Loham. 漢 有 十 八 個 .lo han' 'yen sliili pah ko'， iliore are eighteen

先智+ 六個 外國人 ,sien 'yen sliili lull ko' wai' kwoh .joii, (7f. Jird there ircrc stjiccii forciijitci'.s.

後來添 上雨個 中國人 liou' .lai ,t'ien sliang' 'liang

ko' ,ohung kwoh .jen, mid aftencards t"、o Chinese were added.

和 尙住在 寺院裏 .ho shang^ chu《 tsai《 si' yuen* ，U,

BiKhUii-st priesU lice in tlicir mmi'ifci'ieH.

燒 紙 拜 死 人 ,slia.u ，ch'i pai' 'si .jen, hum jxqm- to worship '■7〃' drad. Irain. 不 下 雨的時 候 pull Ilia' ，ii till .shi lieu', vhen it does not 官府 上廟求 jkwan 'fu shang' raiau' .k'ieu 'ii, the

•muiidarim visit t/ic te))q)les to pray for rain.

LESSON 23. MAN".

肉 身 Juli ,slien, t//e ho/If/. 能 够 .Neng keu', can. 靈 ^ .Ling .hwen, the soul. ^ ^ Fuh liwoli, live again. /J< 遠 'Yung 'yucn, eternal. 複 生 Fuh ,sheng, live again. 生 出 來， Sliengc'huh .lai，/>or〃. 長 臂 .C'liaiig sheuS old age.

善. Wei slian*, to be rirtnoHS. 生 病 ,Shoiig ping', to be sick. 出 世 C'huh shi"', horn into 醫不 來， 1 puh .lai, uicurabk.

請 'W- 本 办 'Pen fenS duties.

從乂_)、.1'8111]呂，81'&11，力，"〃川,/.禱救 Tch kieuS be saved. 老 A 家' Lau -] 'eu ,ki^,old mrm.^jj 蘇 .Yo ,su， Jems. [s,„. 達不多 ，C'ha puh ,to, about; 腹 雜 Shuh tsui', redeem from

[heaven.

性 命 ！ Sing( .ming, life. 上 天 Sliang' ，t'icn， ascend to

教 Xiau', to came. [細" '.s?. 悔 改 'ITwei 'kai, rqmit. 忠 厚， Chungheu',/—/"/ ""(/ 相 信-: •Sians: sin', helieve. 肯 'K'ciif>, viUiug. 總 要 4;，Tsung yauS you must.

肉 ^ 總 要 死 juh ，shen 'tsung yau' V" the body must die. 靈 魂不夕 .liDg .liwon pull 'si', the somI (Joch not die. 活 到 ^fC jl^ liwoh tau' ^yung 'yuen, live forever.

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人出 世 的後來 .jeu c'huh sill' till lieu' .lai, men from thi'ir cntiunicc into the world and after. '

全 是有罪

.t'siuen slii* 'yeu tsui', all have sin 死了後 複活， SI 'linu licu' full liwoh, to rise ("jain, after death. 耶 穌廳罪

•Yu ,su shuli tsui', Jesus ix'dmmfi'om sin. [/,yy Josns. 1^ 是耶 穌麼的 tsui' slu' .Ye ,su sliuli till, .vn is a foiled for 不肯相 pull 'k 'eng ，samg sm'， not iviUiug to believe. 好 人上天 ，hau .jen shaiig' ,t'ien, good meu mceml to hmrcn. 病 醫 不 來 ping' i' pull .lai, the disease cannot be cured.

LESSON 24. TIME. 明 天 .Ming ，t' ion, to-inor)'oii\ *^ .C'hang, constant. 後 天 Heu' jt'icn, (h'j u'fter do. 叉 Yeu', another; again. 昨 天 Tsoh ,t'ien, yesterday. 到 過 Tau' kwo', Juicing gone. 書 夜 Cheu' ye(， (hi!/ and ";ght. 幾 ^ 'Ki hwi', how often ？ 此 後 'T'si houS henceforth. 來 年 •Lai .nicn, next year. 有 時 'Yeu .sill, sometimes. ~~ ' 次 Yih t'si', once. — 會 Yih hwei', once. 炎口 今 .Ju ，kin， at present.

隔 Keh (chieh), to separate. 立 刻 Lib k'eh, at once, 改 日 'Kai jih, another day. 從前 .T'sung .t'sien, fonnerli/. 再 T.^ai, again. [,。 oh fain, 人 ，Ku .jen, ancient men. 難 得 .Nan teh, seldom ； hard 初 ，C'liu，./b 厂 the first time. 日 .T'sicu jih, (htij before 到 ,Sien tau'， first come.

yedcrdaij. \_f/csterdaj/ he did not come.

他 lit" B 子 ^ 來 ,t'a .t'sien jih 'tsi puh .lai, the day before 去 了 幾 會 c'liti' 'liau 'ki hwei', hoic many, times has he gone ？ 從前有 运個事 情 -t'sung .t'sien 'yeu che' ko' slii' .t'sing, foi-mcrhj there lutppotcd litis circumdance. 「(, sayina.

古 人 有 — 句 話 'kii .jeu 'yeu yih ki'i' Lwa', the ancients have 昨 天死了 t'^oh ,t'ieii 'si 'liau, he died yestenlai/. 此 刻 繊 Wl MS 的 't'si k'ck .c'heu twau' tsien' tih, (it present

ailH (I ltd !i(d;us arc cJieap. 爲 善 的難 得看見 .wei slian* tih .nan teh k(an' kicn',

fjie cirtnoiis arc s'—'hhm to he met u';fh. 初 到那裏 認 得 他 ，c'liu tau' 'na 'II jen' tch ，t'a, on first

arrival hoic could I hww hint /

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我們 先到 ，"'o 'men ,sicn tau', n-e arrived first. [acjain. —天 又來了 tsoli ,t'icn yeu' .lai 'liau, yesterday he came 常做的 'c'hang tso' tih, he constanily does it. 【othe}' day. ~ ' 曰 去 ~ '會 keli yih jili c'hii' yili hwei', go once everi/

LESSON 25. STREjS-GTH AND SKILL.

聰 明 ,T'sung .miiig, intcUkjenf. 武 藝 'Wu i\ military arts.

愈 幹 .Neng kail', jmiver. 手 藝 'Sheu i', handicraft.

才 能 .T'sai .neng, ahility 手 段 'Sheu twan*, dexterity.

會 Hwei', can (acquired power). 坟 藝 'K'i ？， ingenious arts.

能 .Neng, can (natural power). 玲 靖 | .Ling .lung, clever.

pf 以 'K'o i、 you may. 格 外 Keh wai'， extraordinary.

霞 巧 .Liug 'c'hiau, ingenious. 希 奇 ，Hi .k'i， wonderful,

yf» 靈 Puh .ling, inefficacious. 本 事 'Pen slii', (si), ahilitij.

一禾出 ，T(iug pull c'hiih, /氣力 C'lii' lib, strength.

(/" >"'t hear. / 猜. I -Ngai pen', dupid、

聽不來 ,T'ing puh .lai, Jc""- 詧 'Kwan, to manage.

看 得 來 K'an' toll Aciijcan see-^^ 弱 'Jwan job, feeble.

耳 杂 聽 不 來 'ri 'to jt'ing puh .liu, / cannot hear (lit. mi/ m'r's ('ii、mM hear.

沒 有 本 事 做 官 muh 'yeu 'pen sli? tso' Jcwan, he has not Jl^lnliU^j^t amindanu. \_cannot he relieved.

适 苦 難 不 BE 救 clie' 'k'u nan' puh .neng kieu(， this misery

拜 道 他 們 不靈 pai* .slien tau' ,t'a .men puh .ling,

t]ic gods if i/ou worship them are inefficacious.

不 能 進 城 puh .neng tsin' .c'hcng, you cannot enter the city. 會 爲 pull liwoi' 'sie tsi', he cannot irrite.

他 們 格 夕卜 的 靈 巧 ,t'a .men keh wai' tih .ling 'c'hiau,

Uirij are exty(wrdiuarilij clever. 我 是 人 'wo sill' 'slieu i' .jen, I am a handicraftsman.

呆笨 的人. 錄不 來玲瓏 6i 工夫 .ngai pen' tih .jen tso' puh .lai .ling .lung tih ,kung ，fu， duptd persons cannot do iugctiitixi^ vorh.

氣 力有限 沒有武 藝 c'hi( lih 'yeu .liieu niuh 'yeu 'wu i', Jus HtrctKjth " not (jrcat, and lie has no military a.cc.ompUshmcnts.

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LESSON 26. MASONS' WORK.

SK -Chweu, by ids. [hHcks. 房 TM 'Fang 'ting top of Jiouse. 方 擧 5 ,Fang jchwen, square 屋基 Uh ，ki， foundation. ^ 'Wa, hirn-tiles. 條 .T'iau, numeral of length.

泥 .Ni, mud ; tnortar. 'fM ^ .Ilcng .Hang, cross beams.

泥 瓦 E ，wa tsiang(， 丽纖. 石 灰 Shih ,liwei, lime. -^1 作 Shih tsoh, stone-mason. 泥 刀 .Ni ,tau, trowel. 二 層 ,San .t'seng, three stories. .Liang, to measure. 橋 .K'iau, hndge. ^ Chang 'twau, long; short.

签 K'ung', arch. 寬 ^ ,K'wan tseh, broad; nar-

^ j^.P'ai Xgxjl, ornamental arch. .Shen, deep. [_row. 蓋 房 Kai' .fang, to hnild a 商 量 ,Shang .liaug, to consider /tou.<te. about.

甎 K 沒有 買來 jchwen Va muh 'yeu 'mai .lai, the bricks and tiles are not i/H bought and brought home.

叫 一個泥 K 匠來 kiau' vih ko' .iii ，wa tsiang' .lai, call

里盖； ^度 ，sliang Hang' kai' .fang uli, confer about build'

要 蓋兩層 樓 yau' kai' 'Hang .t'seng .leu, I mint to hnild ttvo stu )'"-''、 ahove the ground foor.

五十二 基 橋 'wu shih ，san k'ung' .c'hiau, bridge of fifty three areltea. ，

蓋房項 用多少 S kai' .fang 'ting yung' ，to 'shau Va,

in covering in the roof how many tiles shall you me ？

牌褸多 ifift 攀重 女人的 .p'ai .leu ，t。 ,tu Shi' king'

chung《 'uii .jen tih, there are a great many memorial arches and the)/ are all in honour of womm,

量量看 多少長 短 .Hang .Hang k'an^ ，to 'shau .c'hang ，twa】i， Pleasure it to scr how loiig it is,

拿 泥刀多 擺 石 Pi .iia .ni ,tau ,to ，pai sliih ,hwei, talic ike trowel and put on lAcnty of lime,

橫 梁長 ~ "丈 半 -heng .liang .c'liang yih chang' pan', the

cross beams are fifteen feet long. 寬窓 R 每 —— 寛 ,k'wan tseli (，chai) ，！ na yih c'hili ,k、'an,

m to width let them be a foot wide.

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LESSON 27. STUDY. 讀 書 Tub ,shn, to study. 方 字 ,Fang tsi', square let ten. 本 'Pen, numeral of books. 四 書 Si* ,shu, Four hoots. 肇墨 Pih meli, pens and ink. 五 'Wu ,king, Five classics. 女 墨 .Wen meh, dyh. 孝 Hiau' ,king, Book of filial

5 楚 'T'sing 'c'hu, clear. 」—" [character classic.

文 M .Wen ，li， hook siyk. 三字經 ,San ts'i' ,king, Three 文 章 .Wen jchang, essays. /|、 'Siau shwoh, novels. 發 達 Fah tah, rise in life. 幾 卷 ， Ki kiiien', how many 雅 ，Ya， elegant chapters ？

用 工 Yung' ,kung, he diligent.^ 卷 ,K'ai kiuen', open a hook. 偷 閱 ，T'eu hien', icaste time. 多 看 ,To k'an', rend much. 偷 tB ，Lau toS lazy. ^ 處 Yih c'hu', benefit.

解 說 'Kiai shwoli, explanation.^ 書 Kiau' ,.shu, teach. i 主 解 Cliu' 'kiai, commenfar//. 閒 書 .Hien ,shu, light books. 要 緊 Yai" 'kin, important. 也 'Ye, also. [ 賺"，

不 是 讀 書 人 puh shi' tuh ,shu .jen, he is not a Utcranj

用工可 以發達 yung' ,kung ，k'o ，i fah tah, if you are

diligent you 'will rise 'ni life.

書 裏 的 話 ^ 文 理 ,slm ，li till hwa' kiau' .wen ，li， phrases

used in J)oo];h are called weu li.

要 多 看 ，shu yau' ,to k'an(, hooks mud be much read. 在 老 家 教 書 tsai' 'lau ,kia kiau* ,shu, he keeps a school at

}t is OlCii /loiilr.

不 多 看 沒 有 益 處 pull ,to k'an' mull 'yeu yih c'hu', if

you do not read 'mac'h, it will be of no use.

"^{j 讀 四 ,sien tuli s'i' ,sliu, first nfudy tJic Four hooks.

後來 看五經 W .lai k' an' 'wu ，king， (oid qftenvards read the Five cias.sic.s.

閒 書 ？』、 說 不 好 看 .liien ,shii 'siau sliwoli puli 'liau k'au',

li(//if literaiure and novels are not good to read.

教 小 孩 子 kiau' ，siau .liai tsi', in teaching boys.

先 要 用 方 字 ，sien yau* yiiiig* ,fang tsi', you must first me square cliaractcrs, {written on squares of red paper) .

适 本 書 幾 卷 che' 'pen ，slm 'ki kiuen', /loiv mm!j chapters doci ihia book contain /

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不 會做文 章 pull liwci' tso( .wen ,c]iang, he cannot write e，>js' \_hnpoHant hook.

也是 要緊的 書 'ye sh'i' yau' 'kin till ,slm, this is aim an

LESSON 28. ANCESTORS.

爺 .To, fa/her. 葬 堙 Tsan-'

祖 3c 'Tsu fuS (jra ml- father. A 土

Juh't^u, enter the ground. 會 A 'Tseng ，tsu， great ditto. 忘 旨 5 -Wang ki', forqet.

在上

高 祖 ,Kau 'tsu, ancestor of 照 應 Chou' yingS take care of. M 本 ,Ken 'pen, roof. 'Sau, sicccp. {temple.

傳 1、 .C'huen hm'，f/W;><"'f/o"' "、示 f|) 堂 .T'si .fang, ancestral

子 Hiau' 'tsi, jUial son. ^ .Ming ts'i', name.

棺柳， Kwan k、voh, （^蘭 (？. 再 題 Tsai' .t'i, mention again. 做 墳 Tso' .fen, mal;e a (jmve.'^ 宗 'Tsu ,tsung, anccdovs. 子 孫 'Tsi ,sun, posterifi/. ^ Tsi', to aacrifice.

祖宗是 根 本 'tsu ,tsung shi< ,ken 'pen, ancestors are the root

from whirl! )m'n couc.

人 全是祖 宗傳 下來的 .jen .t^^iuen slii' ,tsu ,tsun- c'liwcii lua' .liii till, mm all spring from the stock of their

祭祖宗 Sfl 三代 tsi' 'tsu ,tsimg tau' ,san tai', sacrifice to anceatorn to the tJiird goioration.

义毋祖 义首， 高祖 祭的多 fu' ，腿， 'tsu fuS ,tseng fu'， 'kau 'tsu, tsi' tiii ,to, parent grand-father, great ffraiid- fathor, (I ml great great g r mid-fat lie r are sacrificed to hij inmy.

不 做 棺 pull tso' ,kwau kwoh, he did not make a cofti)i and case.

不 是 子 pull sill' liiau' 'tsi, he is not a filial son.

上 輩 的 名 sliiing' pei' tib .ming tsi', the names of elders

[in iJtc anrcstorial line). \_tionpd 可 以 再 ])uh 'k'o ，i tsai' .t'i, should not be again men- 姓 李 的 JlipJ 堂 sing' ，li tih .t's'i .t'aug, ancedral toiiple of the

Li family. [ fhu'(>)'s ？

那一檬 的花草 ，'ia yi'li yang' tih ，！ iwa ，t ^sau, irh ich sort of 不從 根本上 生出來 puh .t'sung ,kcn 'pen shaug' ,slieng

c'liuU .lai, k not jrrodiivt d from a root.

[ 2G ]

LESSON 29. SERVANTS.

相 ^ jSiang ,pang, assist. 動 氣 Tung' c'lii', to he angry. 使 喚 'Shi hwanS to employ. 躭 ) 睡 ，Tan wu', injury by delay. 喫 飽 C'hih ，pau, eat enough. 姑 娘 ,Ku .niang, girl; ymng 戲 ^ Ngo* 'si, starve. 不 得 Puli teh, must not. 1—'

凍 死 Tung' 'si, freeze to death. P'ien', to cheat. 家主， Kia'chu ，觸 sZero//(7/m7y. 東髮 ,Tung ,kia, master. 飯 Tso' fan', to cook. 開 消 ,K' ai ,siau, expend.

茶 飯 T'sai' fail', tegdahles 看 房 子 ,K'an .fang 'tsi, take and rice. carp of a house.

省 儉 'Sheng kien(， economical.}^ 攝 ,Sheu sheh, gather up.

乾 淨 ,Kan tsingS clean. /|、 藤 'Siau ,s'i， n-aiting boy.

勤 .C'hin, industrious. 根班 |^,Ken ,pan till, servant.

齊 整 -T'si 'chcng, orderli/. 留 心 .Lieu ,siii, apply the mind.

完 .Wan, finished. '照 應 Chan' ring*, take care of

東西都 要乾淨 ,tung ,si ,tu yau^ ,lvan tsing、 everything mmt he clean.

使喚 的人不 少一百 'shi hwan' tih .jen puh 'shan yih poll, the number of servants employed k not less f/nni a ！ mm! red.

rr 夫 沒 有 做 完 'kung ，fu inuh, 'yeu tso' .wan, the icork is not yet done.

兩 個 乂 j、 爾 看费子 'liang ko' 'siau ,si ,k'an ,fang 'tsi, two n- ait lug boj/s I,- opt the house.

家 主 4l、 ,kia 'chu 'hau ，sin，,,/w tnaster is well disposed.

照 應照應 他們 chau' yiiig' chau' ying' ，t(a .men, taJce

care of thorn. [^o he frozen -

不教 他凍死 puh kiau( ,t'a tung' ，s'i， he will not allow them 也 不 教 他 餓 死 'ye pull kiau' ，t'a ngo' si', nor to he starved. 你 不 得驗我 'ni puli tch p'ien* 'wo, you must not cheat me. 東 西 不 留 心 jtung ,si puh .lieu ，sin， you do not take care

of ih i)ig-s.

不在 時候上 做 pull tsai' .sli'i heu' shang' tso', you do not do tiling a at tlic proper time. [jy neglect.

就俠了 東家 ，tan wu' 'liau ,tung ,lda, you injure your master 總要齊 牢 Xsuiig yau' .t'si 'chcng, {U'cy) mmt be put in order.

[ 27 ]

LESSON 30. TRADE.

算盤 Swan' .p'an, abacus. 便 ！ S .P'ien .i, c/<oap. [/^。 腿.

淸 楚 ，T'siiig 'c'hu, distinct. 茶 梭 .C'lia chaii', tm ware-

jf>(IJ 算 Si' swan*, carefully count. \^ Kwei*, counter.

算 帳 Swau' cliang*, calculate. 當 濯 的 ,Taug kwci' tih,

開 店 ,K'ai tien', open a shop. shopman.

夥 ffl* 'Hwo ki', aasiatant. 本 Sh'ili 'peu, lose capital.

斗 种 'Teu c'iieng', measures 叨 光 ,T'au ,k\vang, hey favour.

請 I "'eights. 九八銀 'Kieu pah .yin,

本 ^§ Ten .t'sien, capital. Shnngltai sycee*

錢 Li' .t'sien, interest. T;?§ 頭 'Ma .t'eu, poi't ; jetty. 盤費

.P'au fei*, €xj)&HS€s. 關 ^Ilai jkwan, ciisto7n house.

•P'ing, Jmt. 完 ^ .Wan shui', pmi custom.

不封

l)uh tui'， not agree. 數 目 Shu* muh, numbers.

數 目不對 sliu' iiiuli puh tui'， the numbers do not agree.

种的斤 雨不對 c'licng' till ，kiii 'liaiig puli tui', the weight in cattiPH and ounces dues not agree.

算得不 'J^ swan' teh puh ,t'sing, it is not clcorhj cnlcxdated.

開店生 意不大 jk'ai tieu' ,sheng i' puh ta', ichen he opened shop, ]i is trade was sijuill.

當 ffi 的 說叨光 ,tang kwei' tih sliwoli ,V au jkwang, the

'shopman said, rn(i" I heq custom.

還 他二萬 九八銀 .hwau ,t'a er' wan* 'kieu pah .yin, pay It tin timittj tlioumnd IShaiifjhai taels.

有 本 nmli 'yeu 'pen .t'sien, he has no capital. 城 裏 茶 枝 多 .c'hong 'li .c'ha chan' ,to， the iea u-are-houses

ill the ciit/ are mnneroiis. \Jionest 夥 計 不 實 'to ki' puh 'lau sliili, the assistants avc dis-

LESS0;N" 31. WAR.

兵丁 ,Ping jting, soldier. t'^ Fu .d'hrnn, floating hridge.

官兵 ,Kwan ,ping, ditto. ^ ^ ,Ngau .mm, jmcifi/ jycople. 得 勝 Tell sheng', conquer. 投 ^ .T'eu .lio, leap into a river.

Literally, silver at two per cent discount. Kieu pah means ninety eight in a hundred.

[ 28 ]

赢 了 .Ying 'liau, 議. 投 井 .T'eu 'tsing, k((p info a

輸 ,81iu, defeated. M ，Si corpses.

ij^ 仗 'T;i ohaiigS to fight. 隊 fg. Tui' '\vu, rank and file. ^ 仗 Pai' chaiig', dofcat. 規 矩， K、\'ei，ki.i， wY/er/y co;"/'"('《. 圍 困 .Wei k* wunS hesicgc. 伏 .Mai full, ambush.

領 兵 'Ling ,piiig, lead soldiers.^ 筒 Hau* 't'ling, trumpet. 放 火 Fang' 'liwo, sd on fire. 看 更 K'an' ,keng, heep watch. 驚 人 'Lu .jcn, Hcize men. 口 號 'K'eu liau', u'afchtcord.

人 ,La .jen, drag aivay tnen.^^ ^ Pau' .t'ai, battery. 守 'Sheu, to keep. [ plunder. 放 袍 Fang' p'au', fire cannon. * 奪 Zli^g toh， rob and [jkc city.

官兵寸 城 jkwan ,])ing 'sheu .c'lieng, mandarin sohliers keep 打了一 個圾仗 'ta 'liau yih ko' pai' cluing', the// fought

t】"、！f cannot conquer.

前兩 天赢了 .t'sien 'liang ，t'ien .yiiig 'liuu, two days since thcjl (jai)ir'i (I ricfori/.

城 墙 不 堅 固 -c'lieng .t'siang puli ,kion ku'， the cih/ u'a.U is not strouii. [the rivers.

男 人 投 了 河 'nan .jcn .t'eu 'liiiu .lio, the men leaped into 女人 校了井 'iiii

•jen .t'eii 'liau 'tsing, the women thr&w thcinw'h'f's info the wells.

； ^ )^ tso' .fu .c'liiau kwo' c'liii', thcij made a floating

hrhhjv to hi/. [captiveH. 要 廣 人 去 的 yau' 'lu .jeu c'lili' till, tJici/ cavyy aicaij men as

守 ffi. pull '«lieu tui' ，wu, thi'ij do uof keep rank. ^ 了 ^ 'ling 'liau ,san wan' ,piiig, he marched at the

head of tliirh/ tkcntmud soldiers. 不 許 搶 奪 pull 'lili 't'siang toll, rohhery is forbidden.

夜的 P 號 ,kin yo' till 'k'euhau', the pms-iconlfor to-n'ujht.

LESSON 32. SURGERY.

^ .]\[ing ,slierig, reputution.^ f^-She'shang", how-sliot wound. ^ .Ming ,\, fcnni'd sHrgco)i. ^ ^ 'JNiu tsien(， cross-how 忽？ Hull 小"1， nncxpedccUy. • [vegetable.)

igjjllau' .c'liau, lUm dijnmi>j.t% 5§ ,Wu .t'eu, {name of a

[ 29 ]

華 陀 .Ilwa .t'o, {a noted si(r- 毒 藥 Tuh yoli, poison.

脅 l'i'， arw. !>wO:^ ^ Ta' .p'en, b("'<je ha^in.

j}^ Chang' .fang, foi f. [>, 厂 w. 接 ifH Tsit、>li liiueli, receive blood.

"ffjj 臂 jSlien pi', d.n'kh out ？ 7〃' 怕 痛 P'li/ fear pain.

疼 .T'cng, pdin. ^jlj 開 Koh ,k'ai, cut open.

^ 'T'an hiii^han' ihe s/ionliler.J^ 肉 .P'i juh, skin and flesh.

Jjfl ^riiueh' 'kwaii, J>lood-voHHel. — ' 直 Yih ch'ib, utraigJd.

翻吴子 ,Kwan ,fu 'tsi, {the T'ieh, to stick.

<Jod of war, Kican i/iiii chang.)^ 藥 ，K;ui yoh, phmlcr.

漢朝有 闘夫子 Item' .c'hau 'yeu ,Kvvan ,fu 'tsi, in the (li/niisfi/ there was Kican fu tsi, {the god of war.)

被 那弩箭 射傷了 pei'* na< ，im tsien^ she' ,sliang 'liau, lie ica^ ivoundcd hi/ a cross-hoic arrow.

忽然 一個人 來告訴 huh . j ail yih ko^ • j en . 1 ai kau^

su、 at an aucrpccfcd mom('}d、 there came a man to mi/,

名醫 華陀疆 * 了 .ming ，i .hwa .t/o .t^sai .lai 'liau, the

celebrated sitrgvvn Hica-to had juH arriveiL

R 靑 他 5^ ^ ^ 't'siiig ，t<a tsiu' cliaug^ .fang .lui, he was

uirited to enter the tent.

傷褢有 烏頭藥 ，li 'yeu ,wu .t'eu yoh, in thi> tvound there was a cc(jvt(d)]e poiwH calhd JFu-f'cii.

一 \k 到 骨歳 Sl^ 裏 yili chili tail' kub .t'eu na( ，li， dmi'jht i)i (o the hoiw.

不 是 早 W pull sli'f' 'tsau ，i, if not cured early. 运個臂 沒 有 用 clic' ko' pi' mull 'yeu yung', the arm

aoald he of no use.

^ yj 'i?licu 'H .mi tail', in Ji is hand lie held a Iniifc.

:A:^^bWl£TftM ta' .p'en tsai' pi' ，ti hia' tsieh

liiueli, a hifQc basin inulvr tito an" to eafck blood. 闘 夫 子 伸 手 Kwan ,fa 'tsi ,,shen 'sheu, the god of tear held out h is "nu.

租 1、 衣 月提 'fan Ilia' ,i full, and bared /</、' shoiikler of clothing. 叫 傘 陀 割 開 kiau' .llwa .t'o koh ，k'ai， for Jlica-to to

cut it open.

~ ■ 揮！^ 不怕 痛 yih 'ticu pull p'a' t'ung' (.t'eng), lie did not in

the least fear pq'ui.

* 】'd is the Bigii of f lio passive.

[ 30 ]

把 刀向骨 頭上刮 去毒氣 'pa jtfiu liiang' kuli .t'eu

kwali c'liir tuh c'lii', he took the knife and approaching tit'' honi' .srrdfr/irt/ aictn/ tlir j)oisu>i.

後來把 皮肉鏠 ^來 hcu' .lai 'pa .p'i juh .fung Vhi

，lai， afto'tcards the .s'/,'/" afid Jlcsh were sewn up. \_mnch 關 夫 子 大 笑 ,K\v;iii ,fu 'ts'i ta' siau', Kwan fa tsi laughed 說 閒 話 .shwoli sliwoh .liicu liwa', and talked on ordinary

SUI)Jlxtfi.

LESSON 33. THE WELL. 座 Tso', numeral of wells, 】iouses， clocks, hills, graves, &c. 井 邊 'Tsitig ,picn, side of icell. 連 ,Si'ang .lien, connected. 井 水 'Tsiiig 'slmi, irell wafer. 天 熱 ,T'ieu jeh, hot weather. 天 井 ,T'ion 'tsiug, square eunrt.^, 'Wan sliang', at evening. 共 Ivung', common. 报 開 Kiueh ，k'ai, dig open. [耻

誠 水 .Hieu 'shui, Wider. ^ 卞 |f Tiau' 't'ung, hantjiug hue- 同 鄉. T'uiig'，lii;i"g 、-、 丫續' r 〃—： 麻綱 .Ma .slieng, hempen rope.

子 Tseli 'tsi, hom:'sh'(i(!. 深 淺 ,8hen 't'ien, deep shallow. ？堯 花, Ki:iu， liwa, ivater /?o"t 厂 s. 桃 7K ，'丄 ，'iau 'shui, cam/ water, m 地 T 'iou ti(, cullivated hmd,'^ 水 ，Ta 'shui, tahe up water. ^ 水 Tiau' 'shui, rake 車 水 ,C'he 'shui, ； piu"p ivater.

瓶放 在井裏 .iVing fang* tsai' ，tsing ，li, place the bottle in the well.

同鄕共 井的人 .t'ung ,liiang kmig' 'tsiiig tih .jen, men

of the sauie village and a comwo" n-cll.

上 坐 在 井 邊 wan' sliaiig' tso' tsai' 'tsiug ,pien, at night mt hj t!i::c". a little salt

井 水 有 些 'tsing 'sluii 'you ,sio .liieu, the u- titer in the well 甲 桶放下 去 tiau' 't'ung fang' liia' c'liil', let down the bucket. 打 水 的 人 'ta '.sliui tih .jen, the wafer hearer. 挑 水 回 ,t'iau 'shui .Invci c'liii', mrry water hack. ^ 起 水 來 'yau 'c'bi 'slmi .Lii, take up ivater. <^ 車 水 .iiieu 'c'lie 'slmi, tltc huUoch pumped icatcr. 井 掘 開 來 'tsin;f kiueh ,k'ai .ltd, the u'eU was dag. 用 麻 /^TE 书起桶 來 yung' .ma .slicng tiau' 'c'lii 't'ung .lai， (Iran- up miter icith a rope. " machine.

井 的 上 逾 有 't.sing till sliang' .pien 'ycu ,c'hc, above the

[ 31 ]

LESSON DlNNEil.

兒 .Er, terminal particle placed after most nouns in the nor- thern dialect.

便飯 Pien' faii^, ordinary mrak'^ Tsiii' hoh， drink again, 不 過 Pull kwoS onl!/ (initial). 挺 鈸 T'si' fan', grant me rice. 罷 了 IV 'liau, onhj (final), M .C'lm .faug, Utchcn. 停 .T'iiig, wait. ^ ^ ,Ki ,t'ang, Jm'l hroth.

-— 會 Yih liwci', a little ; o""'. 燕 Yen' ，、vo， birds' nests. 擺 飯 Tai fail', k"j the table. 添 ，T'ien， add ; give more. _L 茶 Shang' t'sai', put the 飽 了 'Pan 'liau, satisfied.

=(>,s on the table. ^ 'Tau .c'ha, pour out tea.

g IK 'c'lii 'kan, how dare I ? ^ ,Chwang ,yon, put in S4 酒， Clien 'tsieu, pour out wine. tobacco. 承惠. C'henghwei'，m;(n>"V"(f- 把 'Pu, fair. '洪 ^.C'hi .G'hn, male tea. I'^^^^-fQ ,Twan, p!(u'<、. 雨 S 'Liang ,pei, iwo cujjs. 椎 霧 ，T'ui .t'si, refuse. 對飲 Tui' 'yin, to drink togcthc)\^% Tsui^, elevated by wine. 癔 是便飯 clie' shi' pien' fan', this is an ordinnri/ dinnrr. 飯 好沒有 fan* 'hau rauli 'yeu, is the rice bo/Jed or not ？

便 呢 t'sai* pien* .ni, are the. meat and vegetables ready ？ 停 ~~ ■ 會兒 .t'ing yih hwei' .or, wait a little. 就 便 了 tsieu' picn' 'liau, thei/ will then be readrf. 擺 WL 上 菜 'pai fan' shang' t'sai', spread the table, bring the

我 們 對 飮 罷了 'wo .men tui* 'yin pa' 'liau, we will just 沒 有 甚 麽 好 荣 muh 'yeu sken' 'mo 'hau t'sai', I have no

多 兩 盃 ，to lioli 'Hang ,pci, take a cup or two more. 承 惠 得 狠 .c'heug hwei' tell 'hen, I receicc the greatest Idnd- ness/rom you.

酒不 可以喝 酉$ 'tsieu pull ，k(o 'i hob. tsui', I must not fake wine so as to become elevated.

賜飯罷 fail' grant mc ncc.

[ 32 ]

這個是 燕窝湯 cbe' ko' shi' yen' ,wo ,t'ang, this is birds' 戮 t. sonp. Igucsh. 替客 人添飯 t'i' k(eh .jen ，t'ien fan', give more rice to the

tt4 厨 子 收 拾 kiau' .c'hu 'tsi .slieu shih, tell the cook to put things away in order.

LESSON 35. ARRESTmG A CRIMINAL.

知 縣 ,Clii hien*, magistrate. 串 通 ,C'hwen ，t'm]g， secretly 妄 "^Wang* kau.' , false/ 1/ accuse, form connection with. 告 不 Kau* sh'iS prodamation. 唆 訟 ,So sung', induce to accuse. 貝 fi ！ ii T'ieli c'liuli, to paste np.}^ $| Tien' p'u', a shop.

殺 ,C'hai yih, nmacnger. 縣 Hien', citi/ of 3rd class. 書 殺 Shu yih, secretary. 窝 留 ,Wo .lieu, shelter thieves. j{ 率 票 .P'ai p'iau*, written order. HK 匪 'T'u 'fei, local banditti. 'j^ 'Kia, false. 坐 ^ Tso' .fang, sit in judg-

狗 K^uS arrest. ['糊 ".^ 資", -

Jjtt jj^ ,Pan .fang, messenger' ^ 'Shen shi', fo judge. 監 牢 jKien .lau, prison. ^ 事 ,Kung stii', ； public duties. 已經， I ,king, ahrady. 衙 門 .Ya .men, mandarins office.

今天 縣裏有 < ^事 ,kin ,t'ieii hien' ，li. 'yeu ,kung shi',

to-day at the mrKjistrafe's there is hii-siness.

—縣 的事 都是知 縣誉的 yih hien' tih shi' ,tu shi' ,chi iiien' 'kwan tih, all the affairs of a district are directed by the city magistrate.

閼 鋪子的 人有罪 k'ai' p'u' 'ts'i till .jen 'yeu tsui', a

shop-keeper is gnilty of a crime.

简 留 好 多土醒 ,wo .lieu 'bau ,to 't'u 'fei, sheltering a great

7in»iber of thieves of the coimtrij, 官府打 發差殺 jkwan ，fu ，ta fah ,c'hai yili, the mandarin

Hcnt )tiesse)igerti. 拿 他來問 -na ，t'a .lai wen', bring him for inquiry. 已經出 了告示 ，i ，king c'huh 'liau kau* shi*, having

(Uiradii 'jiuhlishcd a proclamation.

BA 出 5^ 鈴 姓看 t'ieh c'huh .lai kei' pcli sing' k'an', it

teas ])(hst('(l np for ilie people to see.

說不 可以翻 留土匪 shwoh puh ，i ,wo .Hou ，t'u

Icij it mid iliat thieve a must not be skeltered.

f 33 ]

達殺枸 了他， e'haiynildi'，l iau ，t(a， the messengers arrcHlvd him.

衙 n 裏 拘 到 .ya .men ，Ii kii* tau、 they acized and hrouyht li un to the mayistrafc^s office.

'P^ 坐 堂 ,chi hien* tso* .tang, the mandarin sifs in judgment. 的 時 'shen shi《 till .shi hcu', at the tune of judging.

知道 有人串 通書殺 和拳殺 ,chi tau' 'yeu .jen jC'hwcn ,t'ung ,sliu 3 ih .ho ,c'hai yih, he learned that persons had sf-rref/i/ iii fiaenccd tlte irriters aiul mcH^cngcrs. [ false.

牌 票 是 假 的 -P'ai p'iau sli'i' 'bia till, the order to arrest was ^^吿 了 他 wan<?' kau' 'liau ,t'a, he had been falsel// accused.

官 府 審 事 完 了 jkwan 'fu 'shen shi' .wan 'liau, the man-

(b(rln lif(ri))g reaped his inqninj. 後 來 沒 有 事 heu' .lai muh 'yeu shi', aftencanh nothing more occurred.

LESSON 3G. BUYING LAXD.

地 主 Ti' 'chu, owner of land. 相 近 ,Siang kin', near. 步 弓 jkung, measure of 5 結 實 Kieh sliih, firm. 恐 怕 'K'ung p'a', lent, \_fcet. 一 ^ Yili ，meu， one men. 街 上 jKiai shangS on the street.'0\, 半 'Meu pau', mm ^ a half, 鄉 裏 jlliang 'li, in the country. ^C, 約 .Wen yoh, deed of mie. 隣 舍 .Lin she', neiglihonvs. 中 人 , Chung .jcn, middleman. 十 吊 Shih tiau', ten strim/s. 名 兒 .Ming .er, name. 大 錢 Ta' .t'sien, large cash. 代 筆 Tai' pih, a writer. 舊 Kieu', old. 打 聽 ，Ta ,t'ing, to hiqnire.

被 P'oS hrokpn. 找 尋 'Chau .siiin, to seek.

我 要買地 'wo yau' ，mai ti', I wish to buy land. 在 大 街 上 tsai' ta' jkiai shangS in the great street. &替我 打 ，ni t'i' 'wo ，ta ，t'ing， inquire for me nhout it. ★ 找 ft 了 一 • 瑰 Vo 'chau .siiin 'liau yih k'wai', I have found a piece.

在大 街南面 t"^ai' ta* ,kiai .nan mien', on the south side of the great street.

找 一 個忠 厚人 'chau yih ko' ,cliuiig licu' .jen, find me- an ho)tod nifiii. [^writer. 請他 做代華 't'sing ,t'a tso' tai' pih, invite him to be the

C 34 ]

代 犖的人 寫文約 tai' pih till .jen 'sie .wen yoh, the

writer will write the deed of sale.

你 做中人 可以， ni tso' jchung .jen ，k《o ，i, you can he the

7)) if Idle man.

雨下說 說明白 'Hang hia' shwoh shwoh .ming peh, speak

clearly on —both sides.

買 地 的 主 人 mai* ti' tih 'chu .jen, the proprietor who sells the land. ^not ？

有錢^ 有錢 'yeu .t'sien muh ，yeu .t'sien, has he money or

有 舊 房 子 'yeu kieu' .fang 'tsi, there is an old house.

還 在 地 上 .liwan tsai' ti' shang', still on the ground.

适铜 總要拆 了 clie' ko' 'tsung yau' t'sch (.c'liai) 'liau,

this nnid be ptUkd down. [land

地有四 fix 半 ti* 'yeu si' ，meu pan', there are 4| mow of

-— 十 雨 銀 子 ~" ' 献 er* shili 'liang .yin 'ts'i yih ，meu,

ticcnty tads a mow.

還有 一塊地 在鄕裏 .hwan 'yeu yih k'wai^ ti《 tsai^

jhiang ，li， there is a piece of land in the country,

瞵 舍人 家好的 .lin sbo* .jon ，kia ，！ lau tih, the neighbours are good.

十 吊 大 sh'ih tiau' ta( .t'sien, ten strings of large cash.

把 步 弓 量 量 看 'pa pii' jkung .liang .Hang k'an, measure it H-ith the rod.

― ^ 四 十 弓 "一 " ^ er( peh s'i' sliih ,kung yih ,meu, 240

pn. make a mow. [called a kung.

一 步也叫 一弓 yih pu' 'yo kiau* yih ,kung, a pu is also 五 尺 — 步 Vu c'hih yih pu(， fire feet make one pu.

M M >rl、 怕不穀 che' 'mo 'siau 'k'ung p'a' puh keu',

this is small, and J fear it will not he enough.

LESSON 37. TIGERS.

老虎 'Lau 'hu, tiger. 不 埋 Puh ，li， not to care for.

3 午 'II ii, to promise. 處 Hai( c'lrn', injunes.

賞 'Shang, reward. [thers.W^ .Hien, to take in the mouth. 虎豹'

Hu pau', tiqers and pan-j^\ ,T*eu t'sieh, to steal. 擺！^ 'Pai sheh, arrange. 凶 .Hiung, violent. [^garden. 陷坑

Hien' ,k'cng, a j^iffa.II. 荣園 T'sai' .yucn, regeiahle

[ 35 ]

地弩 Ti' ，nu， a spring boic. 野獸 'Ye sheii', 7cild animals.

檎 .K'iii, to catch. 竹 林 Cliuli .liii, bamboo grove.

引 誘 'Yin 'yeu, to tempt. 後 面 Heu' mien', hcJnnd.

鎮 安 老 虎 多 jChcn ,Tigan ，lau 'hu ，to， at the city of Chenngan tigers are mimerous.

害 城 裹 百 姓 liai' .c'heng ，li peh sing', they injure the people in the city.

有 人 能 殺 老 虎 'ycu .jon .neng shall ，laii 'liu, there are 2)ersom who can kill tigers.

我許了 他們 'wo ，hii 'liau ，t'a .men, I premised them

殺 一虎賞 五十千 shah yih 'hu 'shang ， wu sliih ,t'sien,

if thcij killed a tiger they should receive Jifty thousand cash as a reicard.

任 的 人 擺 clni' till .jen 'pai shell, the inhahitants placed

陷 坑 和 地 ^ hieii' ,k'eng .ho ti' ，！ m， pitfalls and under- ground spring hows.

不 能 擒 他 們 pull .neng .k'iu ，t'a .men, they could not catch tJtein.

用 山 羊 引 誘 勉 yung' ,shan .yang 'yin 'yen ,t'a, they used goats to entice them.

虎 不 理 'lau 'hu puh ，li， the tigers took no notice.

房 屋後面 有荣園 -fang uh hen' mien' 'yeu t'sai' .yuen,

holilnd tlie homes are v<>(jefahle gardens.

夜 裏有人 走到園 中 ye' 'li 'yeu .jen 'tseu tau' .yuen ,chung, if fit nUjlit a man icalks into the garden.

老 色經 P 卸 了他去 ，lau 'hu 'i ，ldng .hien 'liau ,t'a

k'ii, a tiyiT //as a brad 1/ taken him away in his vwufh.

夜裏沒 ,有 偷 竊 東西的 ye' 'H muh 'yeu t'eu t'sieh.

,tuTig ,si till, (it vigil t there is no one to steal. 怕老虎 不敢來 'lau 'hu puh. 'kan .lai， fearing tigers

they dare not come.

LESSON" 38. ELEPHANTS.

野 象 'Ye siang', icild elephant.'^ $| 义 Fang' p'au', five guns, 白 象 Pell siaug', u'JiUc do. 餓 "Wo', hunrjnj; to starve. 法 Fall ，tsi， method. 翻 頭 'Tien .t'eii, to nod the

供 殺 KuTig' yih, service. head.

C 3G ]

Kiueh, to dig, 斜 .Sic, incVnml; crooked.

鋪 席 ,P'u dh, spread mats. 撒 C'heli, to push away.

蓋 好 Kai' ，！ iau， cover over. 終 身 , Chung ,shen, whole life.

打羅 'Ta Jo, beat yougs. 歉 .T'o, carr;/ on hack.

起 'Kan, drive. 服 事 Fuh shi', to serve.

打 鼓 'Ta 'ku, heat drums. 錢 Wei', to feed.

西南有 野象， si .nun 'yeu 'ye siaiig', in the south iirst there are wild clcpluints.

本地人 用法子 'pen ti( .jen yung' fah ，ts)'， the natives

use methods,

誘他們 做供殺 'yeu ，t'a .men tso' kiiiig' yih, to tempt

them to become. >ieiTiccahle.

掘， 地 坑鋪席 子蓋好 kiueh ti' ,k'eiig ,p'u sih 'tsi kai'

，hau， they dig u pit und cover it well with mats,

再加泥 土在上 tsai' ，kia .ni ，f/u tsai' sliang', they also pl'fce ('mill upo)i the m(ds,

好像平 地似的 ，！ lau siaiig" .p'ing ti《 si' tih, so that it is

lili'i' the level (p'ound ;

好幾 百個人 'hau ，ld peh ko* .jen, severed Imndrecl mm.

^ ^ 打 鼓 放 1^ ，ta .lo ，ta ，ku fang* p'liu', heat gongs and dnims, and iirr (/to^s.

起象 走過陷 他下去

c'hii'， f/if'f/ drice the elephant pad and cause him to fall in.

身 體 重 坑 深 ，shen ，t'i cliuug' ,k 'eng ,slien, he is heat'y in /""///， and fkc pit is deep,

不 能出來

pull .neng c'huh .lai, he cannot come out.

就 餓 他 幾 天 tsiou' wo* ，t'a 'ki ,t'ien, they thcu hcep him iriUiout food for ^several days.

來 問 他 liPu' .lai wen' ,t'a, nffcnmnlH they auk him,

做 供 肯 不 肯 tso' kimg' yih 'k'cug puli 'k'eng, if he is

vtlliiuj or I) of to do scrn'ce.

象 就 豁 H§ siang' tsieu' 'ticn .t'cii, the clepliani nods Jm head.

地 i^il [面前 徹去土 ti' ,k'eng mien' .t'sien c'beh c'hii' 't'u,

ijt froitt of ilie pit tlioij remove, the earth,

開 ~ ' 條 斜 路 ，k'ai yih. .t'iau .sie lu', open an inclined pathy

給 象 好 ^ 上 kill yiaiig' 'liau 'tscu shang', so that the elvphant can tea Ik out.

[ 37 ]

一勲了 頭 vih 'ticn 'liau .t'eu, if he once nods hix head

終身要 服事人 jcliung jshcn yau' fuh slii' .jen, he will scrre man nil his life

^ ^ ^ ch'i' 'si puh pion', till death never changinq.

性情 最信實

sing' .t'sing tsui' sin' shih, his disposition is

ven/ faithful.

一個 象能馱 vih ko' siang' .ueng .t'o, one ekphdnt can carry 千斤 礮一位 jt'sien ,king p'au' yih wei', a cannon weighing

不 翻 頭 siang' pull 'ticn .t'cu, if the elephant does not nod his liead

不教 他出來

pull kiau' ,t'a c'huli ,lai, they do not let him

come oat.

兩 ― 回 問 他 'Hang ,saii .hwei wen' ，t(a， they ask him two or three timcx.

死 也 有 的 wo' 's'l 'ye 'yeu tih, some are starved io death.

不 ^ 'tsung pull ，tien .t'eu, any how they u-ill not nod tJicir heads.

LESS0:N" 39. SILVER MT^^ES.

載 來 Tsai' .lai, to bring. 內 地 Nui( ti', China proper.

銀 .Yiu 'kung, ."/m'-orf 漢 朝 Han* .c'hau, JIan dy- iiiiiie. udsti/.

4^ ,Sheu shui', receive 特 意 T'eh i(， purposely. 禾' j Mi Li' sili， p)'oJit. [tonis.-^ 丁 ,Ping ,ting, soldiers. 邊 外 ,Pieii wai', heijond 交 鋒 ,Kiau ,f ung, join battle. 散 Siiri', to disperse. Ihorder.^^^ 'C'hien, to send. ^ 口 jKwaii 'k'eii, horde ^ 'Mien tien', Binnah.

c'"tom house. 安 |^,Xgan .nan, Cochin-china.

Jt 山 ShangSslian, go up a hill^ 于 'Chang ,ting, depot aer- 廠 'C'liang, large yard or depot. rants or miners.

十 ，Ki shih, several tern. 早 己 'Tsau ，i， long since.

中國出 銀子呢 , Chung kwoh c'buli .yin ，ts'i .ni, does China produce "[n'、、 ？ \_ltad f^ilver.

本 來 有 銀子的 'pen .lai 'veil .yin 'ts'i tih, originnlJi/ it

如 今內地 沒有的 .ju ，kin nui^ ti' mull 'yen tih, now

there in none in this country.

[ 38 ]

有銀礦 的地方 ,yeu .yin 'kung tih ti^ .fang, places that have si leer,

早己都 取盡了 ，tsaii ，i ，tu ，！ /sii tsiu^ ，liau< it has long

since been taken all away.

鏑匈載 來有的

'Mieu tieu' tsai' .lai 'yen tih, some is broiiqht —from Binnah.

安南銀 子也有 jNgan .nan .yin 'tsi ，ye 'yeu, in Cochin- chin a ill ore is also silver.

漢朝 的時候 Han' .c^hau till .shi lieuS in the time of the

Han dt/}iadfj.

安南 也在中 國裏面 jNgan .nan 'ye tsai* , Chung kwoh ，li mien*, Cochi)i-china also was a part of China.

1 有大 山廠 'Mien tien' 'yeu ，Ta ,sliaii Vhaug, in

Binnnh there in the Ta-shan silver-mine.

在 雲南邊 外 tsai' .Yun .nan ,pien outside the border

of Yii)i 倫》 lan,

安 南 有 宋 星 廠 .Ngun .nan 'yen Sung^ ,sing Vliang, in

CocJiin-cldna is the Sung sing silver-mine •

® ^ 夕!^ tsai' 'Kwang ，si ,pien wai^ beyond the border

of JfuYDU/si

從 If 本. ^！與縮 句打仗 .t^sung .t^sien ，pen kwoh ，ii ^Mieu ，tien ，ta cliang', formerly our country went to war with Birmah.

雨 面 兵 馬 交 鋒 'liang mien' ,ping ，ma ,kiau ,fuDg, the

two armies of soldiers and horses met in battle.

廠 丁 已 經 散 了 ，c(liang jting ，i ,king san' ，liau， the miners

ivere all m/^Ymy/.

沒 有 人 去 要 銀 子 mull ，yeu .jen c'hii' yau' .yin 'tsi, no

one went to seek silver.

後來設 立官 府收祝 heu^ .lai sbeh Uli ,kwan ，fii ,slieu

shui^, aftcrwarch ihey appointed officers io col led duties.

特意誉 适個事 t'eh ，lcwan che* ko< shi', thcAj attend special I;/ to tJiiR matter,

上 ijj^ 採礦裏 的銀子 sliang^ ,shan c'hii' ，t'sai 'kung ，li till .yin ，ts'i， they -went n}> tlie kill io seek for it in fhe mines.

必定 先要過 il 口完稅 ting' ,sicn yau' kwo' ,kwan 'k'eu .wan slmi', tJicy most frst pcm the cudomJiouse and pay ike dulij.

[ 39 ]

LESSON 40. WATER.

吃慣 C'l"'likwanV"〃",<^"<^""〃.'/. 惟 有 .AVei ，yeu, onl'j.

差 惯 C'hai kwan', send ！ "(- 長- .C'hang 'kieu, long time.

老 夫 'Lau ，fu, I. [(W'w〃y/. 雨 樣 'Liang yaug', different.

宿 Suli (sicu'), to pass the "/]/// f. 朋 友 .P'eng yeu', friends.

洗 臉 'Si 'lien, wash the face. 燒 灌 ,Kiau kwau', to n-atc)\

盂 .tj， small bowl. 乾 粘 ,Kan ，k'u， ivitltereiL

澄 淸 .C'liengjt'sing, to (？ 鎌 ,Kien, soda.

顔 色 .Yen seh ('shai), colour. ^ ,Kien c'hi', mla vnpoun

氣 味 C'hi' wei', taste. 土 氣 'T'u c'hi', exhalations.

大 概 Ta' kai', the mmt part, g 西 Sliai', to dry in the sun.

無 價之寶

,wu kia' jClii ，pau， (tn iiicstimnhle trcnaure.

五 穀百第 'wu kuh peh 'kwo, the five kinds of ffrain and the liundrcd fi'uits.

廿 麋地方 少寶 在無價 ：2 寶 ，Kan suh ti' ,t'ang 'shiii fcsui' 'shau, sliih tsiii' .wu kia' ,cli'i 'pan, water in Kan-snl} is imj scarcp and is indeed of priceless value.

老夫 差惯一 個用人 到蘭州 'lau ,fu ,c'Lai ,kwun yih ko' yung' .jeu tau' .Lau ,cheu, 1 used to send a messenger rcgularhj to Lan-chou.

夜裏宿 在夸店 ye' ，li suh tsai' k'eh tien'， in the night he slept at a lodging home.

有 ~^ ■ 孟水送 寧洗臉 'you yih .ii 'shiii sung' k'eh 'si 'lien, a small bcaiii of wider ivas given to the lodgers to wash their faces.

t 1^，^ ^ 了 7jt 'si 'hau ，hau 'Hen puh

，k'o ，i ,tieu 'liau 'sliui, a fter wanli ing their faces the water must not he throw" ou-aij.

店 率把; ^澄. 清 了 再用 tieti' ，kia 'pa ，slmi .c(heng ,t'sing 'liau tsai' yung', the landlord cleansed the tcater to he used again.

水 ^ife 流的就 叫死水 ，sliui puh ,t'ung .lieu tih tsieu'

kiau' 'si 'sUui, water that does not flow is called dead tcater.

時 候舞： A 齒色 要'， 'shi lieu' .c'hang 'kieu .yen sell

yau' pien', aj'tcr a long tiiiir the colour changes.

氣 味"^ 不好不 碑以峰 c'hi' wei' 'ye puli 'hau puh 'k'o ，丄 hob, it smells bad and is not good io drinl;.

[ 40 ]

大 概地方 這樣的 ta< kai^ ti《 .fang clie' yaiig^ tih, in

most J) I aces it is so.

惟有廿 麋不是 這様的 .wei \veu ,Kan suh puh slii'

clio' v:ing' till, anh! in Kun-xuli if is different.

已經倉 ，外 水得了 土氣就 « 好喝得 ，i ,king .c'liaiig 'kieii 'slmi teh 'liau 't'u c'hi' t.sieu' ,t'sing 'hau hoh tell, after a long time the water, throngh the iajiuence of the soil becomes clear and tmu/ he drunk.

我有朋 友在寧 夏傚官 'wo 'yeu .p'eng yeu' tsai* .iS'ing-hia' tso' ，kwan， I have a friend icho was a magisfyate at Ning-hia.

他 告 新 我 ，t'a kau' su' 'wo, he informed me.

"ff 纛 4、 處虞 熊下. 雨饞好 ，E:an sul— 1 'shong c'hu' c'liu' .iieng Ilia' ，ii .t'sai 'hau, everywhere in Kan-suh province

if rainfall it is well.

就 是寧阜 雨禄的 tsieu' shi' .Ning hia* 'liang yang' tih, cm Id (it Ning- hid it is different.

不 下 雨 pull tan^ puh yau^ liia^ ，！ i, not only do they not desire it io rain

而 且 怕 要 下 雨 -er H'sie p'a^ yau' hia^ ，ii， they even fear that it should rahi ；

因爲 這個地 多鎌氣 ，yin .wei che' ko' ti《 ,to ,kien c*hiS because here tJicre is much soda in the soil.

雨太 多. 日. 頭曬了 就賓鎌 氣上升 ，ii t'ai' ,to jih

•t'eu shai' 'liau tsiou' ，yeu ，kien c'hi' shaiig' ,shcng, if there is much rain, then when the sun shines the vapour of the soda ascends.

相近 看着像 雪一 « 花草都 要乾枯 ，siangkinS k'au' choh ,siang siueh yili yang' ,bwa 't'sau ,tu yau' ,kan ，k'u， seen near it looks like snow, and the flowers and grass wither.

所以 一年不 下雨 也不在 、上 'so ，i yih .nien puh.

hia' ，ii 'ye puli tsai' ，sin shaug', therefore if for a year it does

not rain, it mafters little. 寧 W 稻 0 米 最 多 -Ning hia' tau' .t'ien 'mi tsiii' ，to,

at 2\i)ig-lt(ii rice is grown in the fields in great quantity.

單 靠黄河 本湊灌 ,taii k'au' .Ilwung .ho ，shui ,kiau

kwun', it relic-i on the Yellow river alone for mdering.

水濘' i)^ 淤在 地地就 肥的狠 ，shui ,}iwun .ni ，yd t、ai' ti' ti' tsic'u' .fei tih 'licu, the water is muddy and the mud aluys on the land which is then very fertile.

[ 41 ]

水， 到 了 的地 五穀百 菓都是 發旺的 ，？ Imi tau'

'liau till ti' 'wii kuli peli ，k\vo ,tu shi' tab wang' tih, in the parfs reached hi/ the water, the grain and fruits are abundant.

不必? ^冀 在上 pull pill ,kiau feu' tsai' shang', it does

not need to be imwi(n>(!.

田 裹的. 水稍 微淸一 黠就放 他回去 .t';en 、 till 'shui ,sliau .woi ,t'sin^ yili 'tieu t.sieu fang' ，t'a .bwei c'liii, niien the water in the Jidch has become clearer it is allowed to return.

LESSON il. COALS AT PEKIXG.

^ ^ Kien', tu,establish acapifal.^, §^ Tsau' .t'eu, cooking range. 城 Cheng .c'hi, wall S^' mo(d.>Y'l\ ,C'liui, to hum. 朝 廷 .C'hau .t'ing, the 煮 'Chu, to boil. {pieces, 水 路 'Shui lu'， canals 8f Wm's. 敲 碎 ,C'hiau sui*, break in 旱 路 Han' lu(， roads. 印 Jlwei yin', chalk ma)'k.

柴 薪 .C'liai ,sin, wood for fuel 文 Pun' .wen, half a cash. 一 項 Yih hiang^ one kind of.%\ 直 Ki( clmiig', the amount.

Puh tsuh, not enough. 分 兩 Fen' 'liung, weight 有 餘 ，Yeu .li, supcnihiindance.^^ 足， Pu tsub, make up a deficit,

中 國建都 ffi 北京 一. 千 多 年以. 前. ，Chung kwoh

kieu' ,tu tsai' iVh ,king yih ，t(sien ，to .iiien ，i ，t'sien， China had its capital at Peking more than a thousand years ago. 頭一次 在寧朝 的時候 .t'eu yih t's'i' tsai' Xiau .c'hau tih .sli'i htui', fU'd in the time of the Li a a dynasty

京都 的城池 宫殿 朝廷廟 f 花苑鄉 ft 完' 牵

jking ,tu till .c'lieng .c'lii ,kui)g tieu' .c'hau .t'ing mum' ii

，！ iwa .yuen ,tu slii* .wan .t'siuen, in the capital, the icalls and

moat, halls, palace, temples and gardens are all complete. 水路旱 路歴代 下來有 '了 'shui la' haa' In' lib tai'

liai' ,lai 'yen 'liau, there hace been canals and roads through

succeHHive general ions till noic. 也有如 天 生的好 處， ye 'yeu .ju .t'ung ,t'ien .shong

till 'hau c'hli', there are also natural advantages seemuig like

the gift o f heacen.

柴薪一 項東西 ，pi ，fang .c'hai ,sin ylli Hang'

jtuDg ，si， for exa})ij)le, there u for one thing a supply of wood

for fuel.

[ 42 1

西山 的出産 有好煤 ,si jslian till c'huh 'c'lian ，yeu 'liau .mei, among tho prodndiom of the western mountains there is good coal.

好 ft 燒火 的供用 ，1舰 tso( jshau 'liwo tih kung' yung*,

it is sercircable for burniiu/,

老的 IS ^ 下^ fu' 'lau till liwa' ,slang .c'hwen Ilia' .lai, in the irords of old men coming doicn by tradition. 燒 不盡的 西山煤 ,shau puh tsin' tih ,si .shan .mei,

the coal of the m'sfe'rn mountains cannot be burned out,

只是 京裏的 人一天 多一天 chih shi' ,king ，li tih .jeu yih ，t'ien ,to yih ，t(ien， hut the inhabitants of the capital fp*ow ddih/ more numerous.

竈' 頭上' 炽煑用 的 火一天 多一天 tsau' .t'eu sliang' jC'hui 'chu yung' tih 'hwo yih ,t'ien ,to yih ,t'ien, the

hioiiing and cooking in the hilchem increase daihj. 煤 價 "~ ■ 日 貴 ~ ' B .mei kia' yih j'ih kwei' yih. j'ih, the price of coal is daih/ higher.

煤 5 # ；了， 瑰上打 一贝 印賣錢 三文計 ®

二 斤 十 二 兩 .mei ,c*liiau sui' "liau 'mei kVai' shang^ ta< yih ,hwei yiii^ mai* .t^sien ，san .wen Id' chung* er《 ,kin shih or* 'liang, t/ie coal was broken in pieces, on each piece a chalk mark was made; it teas sold for three cash, and weighed iu'O cat lies and twelre ounrps.

現在價 錢一檨 一塊的 分兩 不過一 斤多一

照 hien' tsai《 Ida' .t《sien yiii yang^ yih k'wai' tih fen' 'Hang puh kwo* yih ，kin ，to yih tien, at jj resent the price is the same, but the weight of one piece is not much more than a catty,

S 隸 省 S li 縣 有煤廠 Chih K' 'slicng Hwoh luh liicu* ，yeu .mei 'c'liang, in the province of C】i:ih-le, there are coal depots at the district of Htroh-Iuh.

離 _M 不過 A> 百 里 'li ，ki"g puh Ivwo' lull pch it is (UHtnnt foni the capital only two Inmdred miles.

西 山不足 穫鹿的 有餘可 以補足 ，si ,shan puh tsuli llwoh lull till 'yen .11 ，k《o ，i 'pu tsuli, the western mountainH if deficient can he supplemented from the additional mi) ply at Ilwoh-lah,

[ 43 ]

LESSON 42. JUNK NAVIGATION.

停不 《导 .T'ing pull tell, you mud not stop. ^ 不 'Tseu pub. kwo', you cannot pass. 新 開 河 ,Sin ,k'ai .Lo, neicly opened canal. 兩 股 河 'Liang ku' ho, two river brandies.

口 子 'Lau 'k'eu 'tsi, old mouth river. ^ 5lv Pi' ，k'ai' .lai, to ■pans hi/ and avoid. i$, S¥ Fuh 'pau sha, name of a mnd bank. 木 雜 Mull .mau, wooden anchor.^ 鍋 T'ieh .man, iron anchor. 方 Si ,Fang p'an, mariner's 稍 爲 'Shau .wei, a little.

海船 從上海 黄浦口 岸開去 'hai .c'hwen .t'sung Shiiiig' .Hwang pV 'k'eu ng;m' ,k'ai c'hii*, a sea jiuik seh mil fruta the Ivwkfs of the Ilicang-pu at Shanghai.

向東行 五十里 出吳沖 &口； \ 洋 hiang' ,tung .liing ，、vu slii'li 'li c'huh .Wu ,suiig 'k'eu .juh .yang, yoiruj eastward if travels for fifty li paHHuiq out of tlie IVii-siDu/ river mouth.

壞繞復 • 、走 m 崇明' 的 新開河 .h、van ，jau fuh 'pan ,.slia 'tseu tau' .T'sung .ming tih ,Siii ,k'ai .ho, v hiding round the Fiih-pnn h(uik, it sails to Sui-k'ai-ho in T'sung-ming.

共 g 十 一 百 ~ ■ 里 Icung* Id' yih peh yih shih 'li, it nitinbers in all one hundred and ten li.

叉七十 里到十 i 效就 是內洋 yeu^ t/sili sLili ，H tau*

Sliili hiau' tsieu' slii* iiui* .yang, there are scvcnfy more li to Sliih'Iiiau, whk'h is in the inner ocean.

遑裏可 以停船

die' ，li ，k《o ，i .t'ing .c'hwen, here you can

stop fJie /?〃〃'•.

此地 也好等 候順風 放洋， t's'i iv 'ye 'hau 'teng heu' shun' jteiig fang' .yaug, licrc also you will do well to wait f 01、 a fair wind to go to s''a .

叉向 東走至 舍山 yen' hiang' ,tung 'tseu tau' She* ,shaD,

agaiji (joiii'j ea^ttnird i/on proeced to She-Hhan island.

這山 4： 沒有. 百姓 ft 的 che' ,slian sLang' inuh 'yen poll sing' chu' till, on tJii.s inland there arc no ptt'nom re aiding.

船停 不得不 能下雜

.c^hweii .t/ing puli teh puli .neng hia^ .mau, the cannot dop here^ it is impossible to cast

anchor. -

[ 44 ]

這兒向 東出大 、？^ 往北稍 爲, 偏 東 Che' .cr hia.g' jtuiig c'liuh ta' .yang 'vvaiig pei Q'eli) 'shun .wei ,p'ien ,tung, from this spot going eadicard vessels go out to sea and proceed north and a little to tho eafifirnrd.

到黄 河老口 子稍爲 向南弯 五條沙 i5 tau'

.Hwang .ho ，】au ，k(eu 'tsi ，sliau .wei hiang' .nan ，yeu Vu •t(iau ,sha 'keng, a little to the south of the old mouth of the Yellow rirer there are firr mnr] hfmks.

遇 着專風 網要^ 慮淺搠 ii' choh ，tung ,feng 'tsnng

yau* jsiang- lii' 't'.sien koli, shou/d ！/ on meet with an ead windy you must he looking out agaimt si Kill own and grounding,

該常 避開來 ,kai ,tans pi' ，k'ai .lai, you should avoid them.

紘歸江 南地界 't'ung ,kwei ,kiang .nan ti' kiai', it all

bclong>i to the tc>'n!onj of Kiang^nan.

用 方盤定 見方向 yung' ,fang .p'an ting' kien' ,fang hiang', use the compass to fix your course.

換方 向 東 ~ "個字 h 、譲' jfang hiang' ,p'lcu ,tung yih ko' tsi'， change your course and go one point more to the eadivard.

斕'^ 用 木錨， 泥兩鐡 錨 .Ian .ni yrnig' muh .mau, yiiig' .ni yuiig' t'ieh .mau, with a soft bottom use the icooden anchor, and with a hard bottom the iron one.

LESSON 43. FURS.

蓮 來 的 Yiin' .lai til], imported.

北 P 夕卜 Pcli ，k' eu wai', beyond the north houndary.

豸 g ,TIan, sable. 狐 狸 .ITu .1;, fox.

裏 子 'Li 'tsi, lining. 面 子 Mieu' ，ts.i， a facing.

趁 C'licn,^;', tal-c advantage of. ^ 毛 Tiau' .mau, let fall hair.

不 大不小 Puh ta' puh ， siau, neither great nor little, average.

灰 j;^ ,11 wei 'ahu, grey squirrel. .Lang, ？ ro//.

潮 .C'hau, damp ； tide. 轉 -Tub, rug.

ijti "K'aii?;', hricl; roneJi. Liang, to air.

貊庆 從那裹 蓮來的 ，ti:m .p'i .t'siing ，na ，U yiiu' .lai till, xche.nco are sables imported ?

;f 匕 口 夕卜簿 古地 方舉的 pell 'k'eu wai' .Mcng ，ku ti( ,fang .lai till, they como from heijond the northern barrier, from the land of the Mongols.

[ 45 ]

這個袍 于是狐 n 素皮 做的 cW k。' .p'au ，tsi Shi'

•liu 8U* .p'i tso' till, this long coat is made of the fur from foxea^ necks.

八十個 灰鼠皮 做的 pah shih ko' ,hwei 'shu till, mu((e of eight 1/ squirrels skins.

皮裏的 $化 5^ 一雙 'P'i 'li till ,luuo .t^eii yih ,shwang, a

pffir of skni [irii'd half boots.

狼皮 好做^ 掛

•hmg .p'i 'hau tso' 'ma kwa', wolf d' in can

be made i)ito Jacket-^,

價 錢頊 貴的是 皮 cilia' "sien ，ting kwei^ till sli? ,tiau .p*i, f//r highpnt in price is sable.

紹， 床 套 子價錢 不大不 小四十 ,tiau .p'i tw

tsi cilia' .t'sieii puli ta' pull ，siau s'i' shih 'liang, a sable coat coda forty fads more or less.

這 個皮好 不吊毛 che' ko' .p'i 'hau puh tiau' .mau, this

fur is (jood, the hdir irill not fall ojf.

做' 過.^^ 裳 的 皮 不 買 tso' kwo' ,{ .shang till .p'i puh.

，mai， skiiis that liave hecn made into clothes I do not buy.

下 雨天皮 衣服. 受潮 要弔毛 hia; ，ii ,t'ien .p'i ,i full

sheu' .c'hau yau* tiau' .iiiau, in time of rain fur clothes become damp and the liair ？ /•/〃 fall off,

趁這 好天氣 將 衣导 晾 隙 收了 e'heng' chC 'hau jt'ien c'hi' ,tsiang .p'i ，i fuh liang' liang' ,sheu 'liau, taking advantage of this good weather give your fur clothes an airing and put them an-ai/.

坑上 鋪着 羊皮轉 k'ang' shang' ,p'u choli .yang .p'i juli,

xipon the brick couch ivaa spread a goat-skin rug.

地 下 生 着炭火 爐 ti' hia' ,sheng choh fan* 'hwo lu', beloiv he had ligJitcd a diarcoal fire.

LESSON" 44. IMPORTED FOREIGN MANUFACTURES.

羽 毛 'tl .man, camlets. j* 文 .Sie .wen， striped.

I# 機 Pill 'clii, hug elh. 本 色 Ten sell, unbleached. 花洋布 ，II、va •yang pu(， chintz ； printed cottons. 本 色洋布 'Pen sell .yang pu', gvoj shirtings. 、漂 白 布 jP'iau peh .yang pu', white aldvtings. 桂花布 Km'cI' ,hwa pu', spotted duffs.

[ 46 ]

斜文布 .Sie .wen pu', American drills. 花 鎮 布 ,IIwa .c'lii pu', domestics. 漂 白 jP'iau pch, bleached.

天 靑 ，T'ieii ,t'siug, purple. 單 子 ,Tan ，ts'i', a statement.

观毛 每一疋 十五雨 ，ii .mau 'mei yih p'ili ghih 'wu

'liang, ono piece of camlet costs fifteen taels.

天靑哗 機 馬 掛 ,t'ien jt'sing pih 'clii ，ma kwa', a jacket of purple long clh.

花洋 布好買 不好買 ,hwa .yang pu' ，1 薩， ，mai puli

'hull ，ma.i， (、(ni printed coftonn be hoiKiht or not ？

本 色洋布 漂白洋 布全沒 W 人要 ，pen seh .yang pu' ,p'iau poll .yuiig' pu' .t(siueu muh ，yeu .jen yau^, both for (jrei/ slnriinjjs ami white there is no demand.

® 房裏 7 多旗布 裝的多 clian' .fang ，li ,liwa .c'hi p'u

,ch\vaiig tih ，to, in the icarehouse there are stowed domestics in large quantities.

斜 紋 布也不 少 .sie .wen pu' 'ye puli ，sliau， of drills there is a ho no ^mall quantity.

有 客 商 要 花 详 布 ，yeu k'cli jsliang" yau^ ,hwa .yang pu、

there arc flcdh'VH fr/io want printed coffo}is,

i 票 白的. 桂花 洋布沒 有顔色 的就有 .P'iau peK tih kvvei' ,hwa pu' muli 'yen .yen Roh tih tsieu* ^yeu,

t/icre are no white sjmtlcd cotton cloths, but there are coloured ones,

洋布 i^fc 從先賠 .yang pu' 'pi .t'sung ,sicn tsleu', foreign eottom arc cheaper than before.

此 刻不太 千客商 木敢買 ，t's'i k'eh puh t、ai' .p'ing k^eh ,shang puh ，kan ，！ nai， at present times are not peacefid, and dealers dare uot buy,

洋布受 了海潮 # 毛病的 .yang pu' sLou' 'liau 'hai .e'hau ，yeu -mau ping' till, cottons that imbihed sea damj) are damaged,

详布殺 從前價 値稍輕 .yang pu' kiau' .t'sung .f'sien kia* ch'ih ,shau ，k4ng, cotton goods comjxired with what they fovmerh/ were are a litflo chcapp}\

今後的 束西甚 檨價錢 開單子 ，kin bou' tih ,tuiig ，si shen' yaug' kia' .t'sieu ,k'ai ,tan 'ts\,froin t/iis time the pricfis of articles will be stated in a tabular form.

[ 47 ]

LESSON 45. FOREIGN TRIBUTlil.

年 系 E .Nien Id', years ； time, ffl ^ C'liuli .m\r\^,toohtamfiwic.

進 貢 Tsin* kung', 卿 tribute.-^ 相 'Tsai siang*, chief minis'^

^j^i K'u* ，ts'i， trousers. f0. ^ ,Si .nieu, rhinoceros, [ter.

靠 K'au', to rchj on ； lean. 馬它 Loh .t'o, camel.

靠 西 K'aii* ,si, lying in the iccst/f^ 金 IV ，kin, gild a surface.

jK'wei, hehnet. 描 ^ .Mian ,kin, (lild fgures.

甲 Chi ah, coat of maiU 'Sa ,kin, gild in spots.

水 晶 'Slmi ,tsing, rocJi-cr>/sfaL^!^ .Mien, soft ； cotton.

湯 王的. 年 紀有出 '名 的宰 ffl , 呌 伊. 尹 ，T'ang .waiig till .nieu ，ki 'yeu c'huh .rning till ,tsai siang' .uiing kiau* ,1 ，yin， in the time of T'ang-icang there was a celebrated minister of state called /"//".

定見各 ji! 進. 貢 （^ia 矩 ting' Iden' koh kwoli tsin' kuDg' till ,kwei 'chii, he Jixed the regulations for the jn-esents hrouqJit from ran on a coioi tries.

束面有 魚皮的 褲子和 快劍 ，t™g mien' 'yen .ii .p'i tih k'u< 'tsi .ho k'wai' kieiiS from the ead tcere brought fish -six in frowsers and sharp swords.

南、^§貢珠子舉牙庫牛角 'nail ,rien km< ，clm 'tsi, siang' .ya ,si .nieu kioh, from the north tcere brought pearls, eleplianta' tu files, and rhinoccroH horn.

靠西 面的進 貢用紅 緑顔色 牛毛旗 子龍角

和 大龜子 k'au' ，si mien* tih tsin' kung' yung' ,hung liih .yen seh, .nieu .mau .c'lii 'ts'i, .lung kioh .ho ta' ,kwei 'tsi, those on the ?cest broiif^I/t as tribute red and green dijes, huffah-halr sfi'c 麵 f)'s, dnigon /lorns, and large tortokcs.

北 籩國都 貢的麟 它 和白馬 peh ,pien kwoh ,tu

kung* tih loh .t'o .ho peli 'ma, the northern nations presented camels and white horses.

明朝 日本 國進貢 S 甲腰刀 娘佥的 屛風灑

金手箱 描金筆 II 水晶. 數珠 -Ming .Chan Jih 'pen kwoh tsiu' kung' ,k'wei chiah, yau' ,tau, tu' ,chin tin .p'ing jfeng, 'sa ,chiii 'shcu , siang, .raiiiu ,cliin pih hiah, 'shui jtsing sliu' ,cliu, in the. Mine/ d//nasti/, Japan sent as tribute, helmets and coats of mail, belt knives, gilt embossed screens, hand boxes spotted with gilt, pencil boxes painted with gold, and crystal beach J'or numbering prayers.

[ 48 ]

朝鮮出 白總紬 出 白綿 紙 .C'hau ,sien c'lmh peh

.iiiiL'u .c'ht'U, ciiuh ])eli .mieu 'cLi, Corea j^voduces soft white silky and soft ？ r/a'ie paper.

, 瑶三 年進貢 五十匹

'ma ,san .nicn tsin' kung* 'wu shih p'ib, of horses there arc fifty prcmitcd in there years.

LESSON 46. THE EMPEROR'S SEAL.

]^ 前 ，I .t'sien, before. 方 才 ,Fang t(sun(， square inch.

以後， I heuS after. 天 子 jT'ieu 'tsi, son of heaven.

爾 'Si, govermnent seal. ^ .Siiin .c'hang, common.

\^\\ Yiu(， mandarines seal. 稱 ,C'heng, to name. \_acter. 圖 書 .T'u ,shu, common seal. 象 文 Chwen* .wen, seal char-

封 ,Feng, con fer a title. 碰 見 P'eng' chien', to meet.

小' 誇 .PIcnfj, horizontnl. ^ Shu', nprlqht.

秦 ia 以前 姓都 可以身 邊帶璽 《i 金子銀

子 和 玉做的 /I'sin .c'hau ，i .t'sien peh sing' ，tu ，k((> ，i ,slieu ,pieu tai' 'si yunj^^ ,chin 'tsi .yin 'tsi ,ho yiih tso* tih, before the Tmi chj nasty the people could icear a seal at their sicky made o f gold, silver and jade.

大 小 不 過 方 寸 ta《 siau《 puli kwo* ,fang t《sim(， they are

in nize onhj an inch square.

朝 代 的也 有 ^c'hau tai' yung' ta《 tlh 'ye ，yeu， there

aro a ho (i//ua-sfie.s that have used large ones,

秦始皇 « 來天 子一個 A 的稱璽 ：T's;n ，shi .liwaiig ，i .lai ,t*ien ，ts.i yih k"' .jeu tih ,c*heng ，si， from the time of Ts'ni'Hhi'hicaug till now the xcord si is applied onh/ to the a Pal of the so}i of hear en.

官府 用的呌 印\ 尋. 常人 所用的 》4 圖書

jkwan ，fu ，so yung' tih kiau* yin*, .siiin .c'hang .jen 'so yung* tih kiau《 .t'u ,shu, tlioHe used hj mandarins are called yin, official sea Is y and those of the common people t'u shu, common seals.

皇 帝的行 璽封國 都用的 hwang ti' till .hing 'si

jfeiig kwoh ,lu ymig' tih, that cnllcd " emperor's travelling mil" is enipltii/cd /"■ conferring roydl titles.

皇帝 的信虚 4 發兵 ffl^ .hwang ti' tih sin' 'si shi' fall ,ping yuug' tih, " the faithful seal" is used in dispatching an army.

[ '19 ]

不是 皇帝不 許用玉 傲圖書 puh BhV .hwang ti'

pull 'hii y uiig' yiih tso* .t*u ,shu, except flie emperor no one is aUoiced to me a seal of jade,

上面有 刻的宇 « 天之 命 皇帝壽 昌 sh，'

mien' 'veu k'eh till tsi' sheu' ,t'ieu ,clu miug' .liwang ti( sheu' ,c'hang, itpon it are engraven the words, receiving the dicree of heaven, the emperor enjoifs old age and jJi'osperUy.

各朝^ 的文 各. 檨 全 是象文 koli .c'hau k'eh tih

.wen koh yang* .t'siuon sh? chwen' .wen, each dynasty nses its peculiar inscription, all are in the seal character.

夭齊 年 的時候 在潭河 北岸上 A'ien Vhi sV .nien tih .shi lieu' tstn' ,Chaiig .ho peli ngan' shaiig', in the 4th year of T'icn-c'hi, on the north hank of the Chang river.

有一個 種田的 /、 正在耕 田碰犀 T 玉璽

'yen yih ko' cliuug* .t*ieu till .jen cheng' tsai' ，keng .t'iea p'eng' kien^ ，liau yiih ，si, an agricultural lahourer as he was ploitglnng fell in with a jade seal.

不敢自 a 藏着拿 去送. 給本官 puh 'kan tsi' 'Chi ,t*sang choh .na c'b u' sung' ，kt'i 'pen ，kwan， he did vot dare hide if, but took it to I he manddi'in of the place and jyyeseiited it to him.

四 方的檨 子橫的 S ^ 四寸寬 si' >ng tih yang' 'tsi .heng tih shu' tih si' t'sun' ,k'wan, it was square in its form and waf> four inches wide, abroad and across. ^and two tenths.

厚 — 寸 二 分 lieu' yih t'sun er' ,fen, it was in thk'hms an inch

上面育龍歳叫^^离龍紐 shang' mien' 'yeu .lung •t'eu kiau' tso' .c'h'i .lung 'nieu, on its upper surface was a dragon hapcd handle, called the crooked dragon button.

坐离 si 紐高一 寸八分 -c'lii .lung 'nieu ,kau yih t'sun' pah ,fcn, the crooked dragon button was one inch and eight tenths in heiglii.

項要緊 的是傳 國玉璽 從秦始 皇朝代 *g

到 今 'ting yau' 'chin tih. shi' .c'liwen kwob yiih 'si .t'sung .T'sin 'shi .hwang .c'hau tai' chih . c'liwen tau* .ju jCliin, the most important is the seal for transmitting the empire, which from the reign of the emperor Tsin-sh'i-hwmig has been preserred till the present time.

皇 地賓禾 把傳國 玉璽 就傳. I& 新皇帝 .hwang ti' ,piii jt'ien pa' .c'hwen kwoli yiih 'si tsieu' .c'hweu kih ，sin .hwang ti', the emperor when dying (when departing for heaven) takes the seal of hereditary government and gives it to the new emperor.

[ 50 ]

LESSON 47. GRATITUDE, AN AXECDOTE.

遭 難 ,Tsau nau', fall into 收 ^ .Shcu .lieu, to retain.

misfortune. [fering. 官 爵 ^Kwan tsioh, government

脫 難 ,T'oli nan', escape svf* ojpcc.s. 椎 ，T(ui 'kei, to give away. ~~ • Yih kuiig', the whole. 奉 事 Feng' shi', to Hcri-c. 皇 上 .Hwang shang', emperor.

貝 中 .Lang ,clmng, vioii ]en', to ac-

of a hoaM. him'k'clge.

報 恩 Pau' .11 gen, he gratoful. 必 定 Pih ting', certainly.

李 大 壳 遭 了 難 ，Li ta* liaug' ,tsaii 'liau nan', Li-ta-Uang

fell into misforfiinc.

5^ 弼一 個朋 S 救他 的難 ,Chang pih yih ko' .p'eng

，yt、u cliiea* ,ra till nau', C hangup ih a friend rescued him from trouble,

後 來發了 富貴 hc'u《 .lai fall ,liau fu' kweiS aftencards he

]}crame rich and great.

潜 上 遇 見 張 tau' shang' u《 cliieu* , Chang pih, on the

road ho met (Jh(wg-pUi.

^ i^^i ^ ^ ,1a clioh ,t'a tih ，； slicu k'lih, he seized him b;/ tliP hand and ivopt.

—一的 家財全 推鈴他 yih t^sieh tih ,cliia .t'sal .t'siuen ,t(ui kih ，t''a, the whole of his property he gave over to him.

他不 肯収留 >t'a pull 'k'eng ,sheu .liau, he would not receive it.

上朝說 鈴 皇 帝 聽 shang' .c'hau shwoh kih .hwaiig ti《

,t*ii»g, goituj to court he related his Htory to the emperor.

說道 臣如今 奉事. 皇上都 * 張弼 的力量

slnvuh tail' .c'hen .jii ,kia feng' shi'' .bwang shaug' ,tu sh'i' ,Cliang pih tih lih Hang', he mid, that your subject can at pvoHent nerve the emperor is all due to the cfoHs of C/iung-pih.

情願把 臣的窜 爵一^ 給他 .t''singyueu< 'pa' .c'hen tih ，k\van tsioh yih kung* kih ,t'a, I desire that all my offices 飄 V be given to him.

皇 帝用他 爲郧中 .liwang ti' yung' ,t'a .wei .lang ,cliung,

the e}npcyor emplof/ed him as a member of <me of tke bocmh.

兩 個人各 有好處 liang' k。' .jen koh 'ycu ，】iau c'lm(， the two men were both to be admired.

[ 51 ]

這一 個. 不 承認. 自己 有好處 Che' yih ko' puh

.c'heng jen* tsi* ，clii 'yeu ，liau c'lm(， the one would not admit that he was good.

那一 個必定 要報恩 na' yih ko' pih ting' yaii( pau< ,iigen, tlie other icas bent on recompensing a favour.

LESSON 48. GENEROSITY, AN ANECDOTE.

法 Si' fall, jMst/i'iwwKs title. ^ 夜 T's? ye', stay the night. -F jWang, prince; king. 嘗 Jj .No tung', to remove. ^ jKung, first title of nobility. ^ 子 ,Kuiig ，tsi， young gentle- 共 總 Kung' 'tsung, altogetJter.'^^ Iluh, five teu. [願 w.

,Sheng, one pint. ^ 'Ten, ten pints. [tremely.

回 答 .Hwei tab, to rophj. 了不得 ，Liau puh teh, ex-

宋 %% 有. 個 宇相^ 范的 Sung' .c'liau ，yeu ko' 'tsai siang' sing* Fun' tih， in the Sung dynasty tit ere uas a prime minider of the Fan family.

It 法 B 斗文正 Si' fah kiau' .Wen cheng' ,kung, in his

post// unions title he is styled the jioJkhed and correct nolle of the first degree.

打 發他的 |£ 子到蘇 州 去 'ta fall ,t'a tih .er 'tsi tau'

,Sii ,c'heu c'liii', Jw sent his son to SucheH.

將麥船 拉回來 jtsiang meli .c'hwen ,1a .hwei .lai, to bring hack .sume boat loads of wheat.

^ ^ ^ ^ t's'i' ye' tsai' ,Tan .rang, lie passed the night at Tan-yanq.

遇見一 1^ 老相] fif 與父親 同年的 a'chien'yih

ko' ，lau jsiang 'hau 'ii fu* ，t'^^iu .rung .uiou tih, lie hcuv an old friend, of the same year with his father,

說' 寧 裏三 口. A 死了 棺 '材 不. 能 挪 iNi^vuKchia ，li ,sau ，k'eu .jeu Vi' ，liau ,k\vau .t^sai puh .rieng .no tung*, who said that tJiree persons of his family had died, and he had not yet hem ahle to renwrr their cojfins.

葬好了 回到 4 匕邊去 tsang' ，hau ，liau .hwei tau' peli pieu' c'hii', after they ire re Jmried, he ivould ret am to the north,

沒有法 子系贪 他 辦 rinih 'yen Mi ，ts'i kih ，t/a pan', he had

no means of doing any thing for him. 無 可 奈 ^ .wu '，k(o ，nai .ho, there n^as nothing he conld do.

范 4^ 子就 把麥船 上帶來 的麥子 送了他

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Fan' jkung 'ts'i tsieu' 'pa meh. .c'hwen sliang' tai' .lai tih meh ，ts'i sung' 'liau ，t(a， f/ie young gentleman Fan then took the wheaf on the boats and gave it him.

共總有 五百角 $ kung' 'tsung 'yeu ，、vu peh hull, in all

there icfrc fire hundred mecwiros<.

回 來他老 子問他 見過了 什麼朋 友沒有

•hwei .lai ，t'a ，lau 'tsi wen' ,t'a cliien' kwo' ，liau shili ，mo .p^eng 'yeu muh ，yeu， on returning his father ashed him if he had seen a in/ friends or not ？

他告 老 子在丹 陽遇見 了一個 家中死

了三口 人的 ,t'a kau' su* ,t'a 'lau 'tsi tsai' ,Tau .yang ii' chien' 'liau yih ko' ,chia ,chung 'si 'liau ,san ，k'eu .3 en tih, /fe told Jmfather that at Tnn-yang he had met one who had had three pcrmns of hk famih/ die.

他老 子聽見 他說就 問他爲 什麽不 把船上

的 麥 子 帮 他 ,t'a 'lau 'ts'i ,t*ing chien' ,t'a shwoh tsieu' wen' ,t'a wei' sliih 'mo puh 'pa .c'liwen shang' tih meh 'ts'i ,pang ,t'a, his father heayincj uliat he said, at once ankecl Mm n-hy he did not qivp Jiim the 'wheat in the Imih to assi-tt liim.

他回 答說^ 已經 把艄上 的麥子 送了他

,t'a .hwei tali shwoh 'wo ，i ,ching 'pa .c'hweu shang' tih

meh 'tsi sung' 'liau ，t'a， he replied, I hace already presented him irith the irhvat on the bortfs.

他老子 聽見了 喜歡的 了不得 ，t'a 'lau ，tsi .t'ing chieu' 'liau 'hi ,li\van tih. 'liau puh toll, his father on hearing it was extremely jj leased.

LESSON 49. SELF-COXTROL, AN ANECDOTE.

從前 有個宰 相姓韓 的死了 後封他 做了魏

國 ^ .t'sung .t^sien 'yeu ko' 'tsai slang^ sing' Han ,tih * 'Jiau heu^ ,feng ，t《a tso《 'liau .A^^ei .kwoli ,kung, formerly there was a prime mini'^iUr who^e family name was Han; after /ns death he was honoured u'ilh the title Wei kicoli kiuig, i. e. uobk of the first rank of the kingdom of Wei,

他 家處收 着一個 $ 酒林 ,t'a ,cliia 'li ,shcu .choK ,yili ku' yiik' 'tsicu ,pei, in his house he had a Jade-stone wine-cup.

* From this lesson onwards the Peking sounds are given for words in juh Blionr^, but the distiuguishiug h final uaecl for all words iu thia toue-clasa is rotaiued

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與 是無價 之蠻 ,chen sbi' .wu chia' ,ch'i 'pan, it was

indeed an invalaiible tr en sure.

每次 請客欽 M 'ii 、要拿 出來搠 在;？ 上， mei

t《si( ，t'siiig k'eh ，yin ，tsieu .pih yau' .i】a ,c4iuh .lai ，koh tsai《 .sih shangS every time he invited gueds to drink wine it was comtdutli/ hvonglit oid to place on the table.

最暴他 Hi 、愛 的東^ tsui' sh? ,t^a ，sin ngai《 ,tlh ,tung ，si, it was a thing exccedin()h/ vahiecL

那一 天教底 下人' # 了 個細碎 na' yih' ,fien cliiau' ，ti hia' .jeu ,sli\vaili 'liau ko' si' sui', one day by a ser- mnt it mis throicn down and broken into small pieces.

把底 下人嚇 的臉上 都改了 顔， 色、. pa'，tihia'

•jen hiali' ,tih 'lieu sluing' ，tu ，kai ，li;iu .yen 'shaih, the ser- vant was so friglitened that his face quite lost its colour.

跪 在地下 ^頭間 該治他 甚麼罪 kwei' tsai' H' hia' ,k',oh .t't'u weu' ,kai ch.i' ,t'a shen' 'mo tsui', he knelt down and knocked his head on the ground asking what punish- ment should he adjudged him.

魏圃" ^向他 一 雜 .Wei .kwoh ,kung hiang* ，t(a ,yih .t'siau, the chief noble of the Wei kingdom glanced at him.

不慌不 忙的告 if 他' 說 Puh( ,hwang puh .mang ,tili kail' su' ,t'a ,shwoli, without haste or agitation, he spoke to him as follows : ——

無豳 甚麽東 西該成 該破都 有一. 定的氣 ，數

.WU lull' slien' 'mo ,tung ,si ,kai .c'heng ，kai p'o' ，tu yeu

,yili ting' ,tih c'hi' slm', cix'rij thing no matter what, ichether it

is to be preserved or broken has a fixed destiny; 況具你 是一時 失手 k'wang' ，t'sie ，！ li .shi ,yih .shi

,shih 'slicu, mid more f/ian tJiia you have for once let it fall. 並非故 意的要 匝破他 — g' ,fei ku' i' ,tili yau' tsa

p'o' ，t'a, it certainli) " not that you tcilfnUy desired to

break it.

說着 臉上航 沒有一 f、S 惱怒 的意思 和筹' 常

' 樣 ,sliwoh ,choli 'lien shaug' ping' .muh 'yeu yih' 'tieii 'nan uu' ,tih i' ,si .ho .silin .c'bang .yili yang', as he spolce on his conntenance there was not ani/ appearance of anger, it looked the same as if onUnarili/ did. 連責傭 責備都 木忍的 .lien .tseh pei' .tseh pei( ,tu ,puh jen' ,tih, to reproviny, he could not hear to reprove.

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LESSON 50. INTEGRITY, AN ANECDOTE.

中國念 書人有 〜個 叫司馬 is ^ ,Chung .kwoh iiieii' ,shu .jen 'yeu .yih ku' cliiau' ，S.i 'ma ,weii ,kuug, among the literary men of China is one called Si-ma Wen-kimg, or the

gentle noble of the Si-ma fn'mUi/.

在' 家裏有 了一個 爲的 是自己 行樂在

• 裏就 8.4 ， 樂国 tsai' ,chia ，li 'yeu 'liau .yih ko' ,bwa .yuen wei' ,tih sli'i' ，chi .hing loh* tsai' na* ，li tsieu' cliiau .tuh loh' .yuen, at his reHidence he built a fioicer garden, and because he himself took recreation there he called it the garden of solitary pleasure.

有個 ♦ H 子. 的人. 名 叫呂直 ，- yeu k。' k'an' .yuen ，tsi ,tih .jen .ming chiaii* 'Lii .cliih, there was a gardener there of the L 'u famihi, caUal Straigld-fonvard.

因爲 他性子 愚眷做 出事來 不會灣 灣轉轉

的 ,yiii we? ，t(a sing' ，ts'i .ii ，lii tso^ ,c'liuh shi' .lai .puh hwei* ,wan ,wan ，chwen 'ctiwen ,tih, became his disposition -was simple and rude, and he could not do things in a crooked

温 公就. 鈴他 起了一 個直字 的名宇 ,Wen jkung tsieu' ，keih ，t'a 'c'hi 'liau .yih ko' .chili tsi" ,tih .ining tsi', JVen-kiing on this account choaefar him the character Ch'ih as /lis name, meaning " St) -a igh t -fori card."

到 了春天 的時候 tail' 'liau ，c'hun ,t'ien ,tili .shi lieu',

wJieii spruK/ arrived,

有, 讀書^ 入三五 成羣都 到園裏 來遊玩

'yeu .tuh ,shu ,tili .jen ,sau ，、vu .c'heng .c'hiiui ，tu tau' .yueu ，li .lai .yeu wan', many students of books, in. conipanics of three and five, cantc to ilie garden to icalk about for picture.

看園子 的得的 ^錢 不少數 了一藪 就有十

吊 都；^ 他們留 下的. k'an' .yuen 'tsi ,tili .teh ,tih .c'ha .t'sien puh' 'shau shu' 'liau .yih sliu* tsieu* 'yeu .sli.i.h tiau' ,tu shi' ,t'a .men .lieu hia* ,tih, the gardener received tea-mou('!/ to no amall mnonnt, and after coioitiiig it found that he had ten strings {about £2 10s. of our mo)tc>j) which had been left h\i them.

那一 天看圚 子的呂 直把這 十吊錢 一五一

十交 鈴温公 na' yih' ,t'ion k'an' .yuen 'ts'i ,tih 'Lii •chill pa' che' ,sLili tiau' .t'aou yili' ，wii yih' .i^hih ,cliuiu

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，kei jAVen ,kuDg, that very clay the gardener Lu-clnh took these ten strings of cash, and in Jives and tern gave them to

温公 說這. 是 你應該 得的錢 ,Wen ,kung ,shwoh cbe' shr ，ui ying' ,kai .teh ,tili .t'sien, Wen-kung said, this money yon ought to receive.

拿 了 去 ^ .11 a ，liau c'hii' pa,', tahe it and go.

敲了 舉遍他 一定. 要草下 ,sliwoh 'liau ，cM picn' ，t'a •yili ting* yau' .lieu hia'， after repeating it several times, he ^till insisted on Jearitu/ if.

惹的温 都惱了 'je ,tih ,Wen ,laing ,tu 'nau 'liaii, until he ])roroked Wen-Jcung to become angn/.

纔勉强 拿了去 .t'sai 'mien 'c'hiang .na ，liau c^liii^, he

then reluctdnih/ carried it au'm/.

還回 着頭說 R 有主 人不 愛錢麽 ..liwfm .hW jcholi .t'eu jshwoli .cLili ，yeu ，eliu .jen .puh iigai' .t^sieu, 'mo, turning liis head round lie mid、 it k only my master I suppose tJnit does not love money ？

叉過了 十幾天 yeu' kwo' 'liau .sliili ，clii ,t'Ien, again a

fete (hn/s passed aw ay,

± 入到 園裏属 井上. 新蓋了 一個亭 子.， chu

.jen tau' .yucn ，ji chien《 ，tsing shang' ，sin kai' ，liau .yih ko《 .t^ng ，ts'i， the master going iuto his garden saw over the well a new arhour erected. 盤 問 他 們 .p^an wen^ ，t《a ,men, he asked those who were there

li^lt 是 前曰看 園子得 的那十 吊錢，

蓋 的 -t'sai ,chi tau' tsiou' sM( .t'sien jili' k'an .yuen ，tsi .teh ,tih na' .shih tiau' .t'sien ,sin kai' ,tih, he then learned that it was neivly built with the ten strings of cash obtained by the gardener. .

LESSOX hi. RULES FOR A FREE-SCHOOL.

設立 義學' 於須 請人. 品. 端正 的人 做先生

slieli' lih' i* .hi()h pih^ ,su ，t(sing .jeu ，p'in ,twan chcng* till .jen tso* jsien ,sheug, m establishing a charity school y you m ust invite a man of upright character to be master.

學間要 逋.^ 教訓 要 A!L、 .hiueh .wen yau' ，t'ung ,ta cliiau' hiliu' yau' tsiii' ,sin, in his learning he must be thorough, and in his teaching diligent and faithfuL

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這個. 義學纔 不致有 名無胃 Che' ko' i< .hiueh

.Vs'di .pull chr 'yen .miiig .wu ,sb*ih, tJiis charity school will then not become a name without realiti/.

輕昝 此事的 人每年 秋冬的 時候雨 下定見

明 白 ,chiiig' 'kwau ，tVi sM( ,tih .jeii ，騰 i .nien ，t《sieu ,tung ,tili .slii heu' liang' liia《 ting"' chieu* .miDg .peh， those who superintend the matter, every year iu the autumn or winter, make the arvanqcnmits on both sides.

開 载 的 日子. 前三天 m 紅 帖奉請 先生來

jk'ai 'kwan ，tih jili' 'tsi .t'sieu ,san ,t'icu yung' .hung ，t'ieh jfung 't'sing ,sien ,sheng .lai, three days before the time of opening tJte school, a red card should he j^rcpared and presented to the vmdcr inviting him to come.'

先车求 fff ― 年二十 八千文 ,sien ,slieng .suh ,sleu yili* .1 lie 11 er' ,s]iih ,pah ,t'sien .wen, the. master's emolument shall be tireiif// eiqJit thousand cash in a year.

飯， 錢 i^li、 相 # ，共 總 二 十 八 千 文 fan' .t'sien ，tien jsiii .t'sieii 'mei .nien kung' 'tsung er' .shih ,pah ,t'sien. .wen, his allowance for dinners and luncheom Kill be in all Ucenty eight thousand casJi.

擊车： 以 ± 纔可以 上學堂 .bi6!! ,sheng ，t'sili sui* ，i shang^ .t/sai ，k'o ，i sliang' .hioh .fang, pupils of seven years and more can enter the HchooL

他們 的夂親 哥哥預 先要開 明本學 * 的姓 名 年紀 住 處送到 學掌來 好上. 簿. 子 ，t'a

.men ，tih i'u' ,t'siu ,ko ，ko yii' ,sien yau' ,k'ai .ming 'pen •Inoh ,shcng ,tili sing' .iiiing, .nien 'clii elm' c'hu' sung' tau' •bioli .t'ang .lai 'hau shang' pu' ，t'si， their fathers and elder hvothci's must prepare a clear statement of the surnames and proper names, age and residence of the pupils, and bring it to the school that entries m(u( he made on the books.

舉生到 辩 各人在 君面 前做三 個楫. hioli jsheng tail' 'kwan 'koh .jcn tsai' ti' ,chiim mion* .t'sien tso' ，san ko' ,yih, tJie svJiolars on (tn'id)ig at the school are to make three boiv.s to the god of literature.

後來 就歸坐 lieu' .lai tsieu' ,kwei tso(， after this they take their 's'w/,s. '

到 ^ 裏 放擊的 時候也 照這樣 tau' ye' ，li fang' •tioh tih .shi heu' 'ye chau' che' yung', at night when the school is dismissed they do this again.

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每月 初一十 五先生 if! 他們 到文帝 武帝魁

畢面 前做. 雨 楫， mei yueh ,c'hu ,yih .sliih ，"'u ,sien jsbeug 'ling ,t'ii .men tau' .wen ti' ，wu ti' ,k'wei ，- sing mien* .t'sieu tso' 'liang ko' ,yih, every month, on the first anil Jiftccnth, the master is to take the pupils to make two bows before the gods of Hterature and military affairs and before K'tcei-svig [a st(ti、 in the G-rmt Bear).

輕管的 入一個 貝兩次 親自. 到館中 ,cW«g 'kwan ，tih .jeii ，yih ko' yueh' 'liang t*si' ，t(siii tsi' tau' 'kwan ,cliung,

the super in temkntH twice a month qo themselves to the school.

查， 功課把 他所念 的書柚 出一本 來教他

背 c'ha wen' ,kung ，k(o pa* ,t'a ，so nien* ，tili ，sliu ,c'heu ，c'huli yih^ 'pen .lai chiau^ ，t'a .sheuh pei《， they inquire into the tasks of the pupils^ take the books they read, select a volume and call on them to recite it withoid mhtako.

所認的 字指出 幾値？ Kft 他 識認> ]'en' ,tih

tsi' 'chi ,c*huh ^chi k(/ Jai chiau"^ ，t'a ，sliih jeii^, as to the characters tJie scholars know, thej/ point them, and require their sound to he given.

若 是有背 不過來 和不認 得字. 的 joV Shi' ，yeu pei' .puh kwo' .lai .ho puh' jen' .teli tsi' ,tih, if any one can- no i recite, and does not knoic characters cor recti i/.

把 m 的姓^ 貝!! i 在墙 上記 過 ，pa ,t'a ,tih sing,

.ming t'ieh tsai* .t'siang shang' clu^ k\vo(， his name is ； pasted on the wall in renmnbmnce of his fault.

三^ 不^ 請 先生^ 別賣打 ，san tVi' puh' ，kai ，t(sing ,sieii ,sheng ,1'en ,pieh tseh ，ta, after three times should he not improve^ the master is desired to give him a proportional heating on the hand.

背秉熟 認字. 眞寫 字好. 的賞他 的錢

pei' ，shu .sheuh, .jen' t^i' ,chen, ，sie tsi' ，hau ,tili, 'sbaiig ,t'a 'mai .pih ,tih .t'sien, if they recite their books perfectly, give the so.und of the characters correcthj, and write neatly, they, are to be reworded with cash to hni/ writiurj pencils.

書 館裏有 大學生 小學 生愛打 架的趕

他出 去不 準上館 ,shu 'kwan ，li ，yeu ta' .hioh ,slieng jC'hi fu* 'siau .hioh ,sheng, ngai' 'ta chia' ,tih 'kan t'a c'huh. c'hii', puh' 'chun shang' 'kwan, if in the school any old scholar ill treat any young scholar, and if there he any who are fond of fighting, they must be driven from the school, and not allowed to attend it..

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LESSON 52. A CAVERN.

京 西有雲 水洞是 有名的 ,king ,si 'yen .Yiin 'shui tung' shi' 'yeu .ming ,tih， on the west of the capital the Cloud and icafer cavern is ce/ehrafcd.

離着 P 審不 遠在高 山邊上 .li ,choh .mei .yau

puh' ，yuen tsai' ,kau ,slian ,pien shang", it is not distant from

the coal mines, and is on the sUIp of a high hilL

有 和尙. 住 在洞門 替客人 領路的 ，yeu .ho sLang, cliu' tsai' tuug' .men t'i' k'eh' .jen 'ling lu' ,tih, there is a priest who /ires at the door of the cavern, and leads the icay for

帶 着火把 走進去 tai* ，choli ，！ iwo 'pa ，tseu tsin《 c^hii',

i (iking torches thnj enter.

褢，^ 石頭 1^ f 弗滴 水成. 的 $K 'li mien' ,tih .shih •t'eu 'fang fuh' ，ti】i 'siiui .c'heng ，tih ,ping, the stone icithin is like dropping n-ater foyminq icicJes.

這、 個 J 有' 口 b4 做 牛郧 口矮得 狠總要 }八 着

進 去 che( ko( tung' 'yeu 'k'eu chiau' tso' .nieu .laiig 'k'eu Dgai' tell 'hen 'tsung yau' .p'a ,choh tsin' c'hii', this cavern has a passage called the Jm'(kman， s passage, it is very low ; you ■mmt creep to pass through if.

一路進 去;^ 致狠多 .yih lu' tsin' c'hii' 'king chi' 'hen

，to, a// t/te H'm! in, the. citriositics are very numerous.

有 兩條石 il ffi 守 着洞口 ，yeu 'Hang .t'iau .shih

-lung 'pa ，slieu ，clioh tung' 'k*eu, there are tivo stone dragons gum'diug the cavern entrance,

有 黑龍谭 是乾的 白龍潭 * 有水的 ，yeu ,hei .luug .t'an shi' ,kan ，tili .pai .lung .fan slii' 'yeu 'shui ,tih, there is ako a Hack dragon pool, which is dry, and a white dragon pool with water.

叉 有 I 全 虎 棒 yeu' 'yeu ,sliweu ，！ lu ,cliwaug, iliere is also a. pillar called the tiqcr -tying post.

把火把 照着光 'pa ，！ iwo ，pa chau' ,clioli ,kwang, take a torch and 'skew a liqJd.

當初有 人到， P 裹來尋 找寶石 ,tang ,c'lm 'yeu .jen tail' tung' ，li .lai .siiiu 'chau ，pau .shih, fonnerly a man went into the eaveni to seek for precious stones.

：？^ 知 甚摩綠 他就 死了 puh ,chi slien' ，！ n。 .yuen ku' ，t'a tsieu' 'si ，liau， / do not know what was ihc cause of it, but he died there.

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水滴在 他的身 上漸漸 的成了 頭 ，'^i ,tih

tsai* ，t(a ，tili ,slicu shang' ,tsien ,tsieii ，tih .c*heng ，liau .shih •t《eu, water dropped on /n's body and (jradnaUy Ite was turned info stone.

如 + 在 洞裏雨 伏着地 .ju ,chin ,t'ang tsai' tung'

，li mieu' full ,choh ti', is note h/ing in the carern with his face io the ground.

這石 頭人叫 l^f |5 [^別 寶 che< .shih .t'eu cliiau^

tso' -liwei .liwoi pieh ，pau， flik stone man is called the Malionu'tan Hclectuuj precious stones.

進去/ V 里 1^ 有：) .tsin^ c'hii< ,pah '\{ lu《 ，yeu ，slmi,

after entering for a diHtaucc (^f eight li there is miter.

和逸早 把木頭 做了個 '栅欄 不》4 人 進去又

返 .ho shaiig' 'tsau pa' luuli' ,t'eu tso' 'liau ko' cliah' .lau pull' chiau' .jen tsiu' c'lii'i' yeu* ，yu(3n， the priesU early made a icooden harrier to prevent persons (/oiiig fartliev.

嘉慶年 P 有兩 個人 進. 去 ^ - 有出來 ,，ia c'hing; .uien ,cluen 'yeu 'liaiig ko' .jeu tsin' c'hii' mei' ，yeu c'nuh .lai, in the reign of Kia-k'ing {about 50 yean since) two men entered and never came out again.

LISTS OF USEFUL WORDS AND SHORT PHRASES.

1. Place and Direction. 裏 面 'li mien', inside. 外 5§ wai' .t'eu' outside. 城 裏 .c'heng 'li, in the city.

夕 I* .c'heng wai', outside the city.

上 .c'hiau shang', on the bridge.

上 .leu sliang', tip stairs. ^ 西 jching ,si, west of the capital. 宮 北 ,kimg ，pei， north of the temple. 鼓 樓 東 'ku .leu jtung, east of the drum tower. 底 下 ，ti hia', under. 脚 底 下 'chiauh ，ti hia', under foot, 适 邊 che' ,pien, on this side. 那 邊 na' ,pien, on that side.

[ GO ]

廟 前 miau' .t'sien, before the temple. pull' tsai'， not at home. 家 ts ai' , cilia, tsai', at home. 塊兒

che' k'wai' .er, 适 兒 che' .hai ,er, here. >^ 內 tsai* nei', ^ 中 nei' ,cliung, among them. 對 面 tui( mien', 對 過 tui' kwo', opposite. 處 koh' c'hu', everywhere. 邊 .can ,pien, on the soutli. 周 圍 ,cheu .wei, 四 面 s'i' mien', all round. 拐 'kwai ,wan .er, round a comer. 北 山 'peih jshan, nortltern mountains. 西 湖 ,si .Lu, wed lake. ^fe 東 走 'wang ,tung 'tseu, go to the east. — "[直 yih' .chih, 箭 tsien' .chih, straight.

着 走 jau' ,cho 'tseu, to go by a round about way. ^ ，na ，li， vhere ？ 那 裏 na' 'li, 那 兒 na' .hai .er, there. 那 一 條道 ，na yih' .t'iau, tan', which road ？

-^r—^ III nlf^ 、八 《 7】， 1 i-i 1 rt/^/i'it /1 7i /5 •!■，/!

is ^ jj^ che* 'li .lai, come here. i]^、 ^ ，siu jcliung, in the heart 往 前 走 'wang .t'sien 'tseu,

2. Time.

今 Q ,chin jih', 今 兒 ,cliin .er, to-day. 明 日 .ming jih', 明 兒 .ming .er, to-morron: 昨 0 .tsoh ji'hS 昨 兒 .tsoh .er, yesterday. 今 天 jchin jt'ien, to-day. 明 天 .ming jt'ien, to-morrow.

後 日 heu' jih*, 後 天 heu* ，t'ien， da'j after to-morrow 恕今

•ju ，chin， 現 今 hien( ,chiu, now. ,當 下 ,tang liia'， 當 現 ,tang hien*, now.

lieu' .lai, afterwards. 先 要 ，'sien yau(, you must first.

末後兒 moll' heu* .er, 末 後 moh' lieu', offer icavds; at last.

[ 01 ]

偶 然 ，ngeu .jau, ffl 兒 'ngeu .er, occasional!?/.

尋 常 'siiin .c'baug, 常 常 .c'hang .c'hang, constantly.

正 cheng', 正 在 clicng* tsai', just as; Just at.

li 剛 .t'sai ,kang, .t'sai, just now.

PI 露 ,kang .t'sai, ^ij 剛 ,kang ,kang, 剛 ,kang, just now.

J5^ ^ tsieu* ,shwo', he then said.

每年 mei .men, every year.

— ' 次 .yih t'si", once.

忽然 liuh* .jan, sudd oil I/.

已 徑 ，i ,ching, alreadi/.

年 c'hu* ,nien, last year. 明 年 .ming .nien, next year. ^ 二 ^ .keh ,san ，t(ien， after three days. 正 月 , cheng yueh', first month. 冬 至 月 ,tung chi* yueh*, eleventh month. 職 月 lah* yueh', twelfth montli. 前 半 天 .t'sien pan' ,t'ien, forenoon. 後 半 夭 heu' pan' ,t'ien, afternoon.

說 tsai shwo'， my it again. 三 B 後再來 ,san j'in' heu* ,tsai .lai, come again after tliree days.

二 月 裏 er' yueh' 'li, in the second month.

幾點鐘 'clii ，tieii ,cliung, 幾下鐘 'chi hia' ,chung, what

is the hour ？ 幾 時 'clii .shi, what time ？ ~~ "個禮 拜 'yih ko' 'li pais one icceh. 半個月 pan' ko* yueli', half a month. — 年 yih' .nien pan', a year and a half. 二更天 er' ,keDg (i) ,t'ien, the second watch. %J ~ - jC'hu .yih, the first day of the month, 初 幾 'c'hu 'clii, what day of the month is it ？ (in the first

decade.)

-f-- 幾 .shih 'chi, what day of the month ？ (in the second decade.)

二十幾 er( .shih 'cbi, do. (in the 3rd decade.)

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3. Affirmative and Nerjatice Expressions.

有 'ycu, 有 的 'yeu ,tih, there is; there are. 沒有

•Dici yeu, there is none ； there are none. 着 ,cho, it is so ； yes. 有呢 'veu 'ui, is there any ？- 是 的 Shi' ,tih， 是 sh'i', yes ； it is so. 不 錯 .pull t'soh', it is not wrong ； it is so. ^ .pull shi', it is not so. * 可以' k 0 1, you mail ； it 'will do. 達不多 ，c'ha puh' ，to, it differs little. 不 離 puh' .li, it is not far from it. 差遠 ，c'lia 'yuen, it is very different. 狠是

'hen sh'i', it in reri/ true. 總 要 ，tsung yauS you must. 總 是 'tsung slii', it must be... 就 是 tsicu' sh'i', it is Just... or even of... 纔是. t (sai shi、 it is then correct, 原是 .yuen shi', it is as he/are. 不狗 pull' ,chu, it matters not luhich. 不准 pull' 'cLun, it is not certain ； he does not pennit,

定 pull' ting', it is not certain. 有趣 'yeu 't'sii, it is prcffi/ ； it is well. 沒趣 .inei 't'sii, it is not pretty ； it is not icell. 不必 puh' .pih, you need not. 可不是 ，k'o puh* shi', is it not so ？ 不同 puh' .t'ung, not the same. 不 通 puh* jt'uug, not reasonable. 不 行 puh' ,hing, it will not do. ^ ^ -puh tui(， it does not agree. 無 論 .wu lun', without considering.

p'ei', ought not ； not a match for. 不 敢 pull* 'kan, not dare.

* For tho variationa in tone of 不 pu not, sec appendix I, parngraph 15.

[ 63 ]

不止 pull' 'clii, does not stop ； not only. 不 關 pull' ,kwan, it does not concern. 並不是 ping' -pull shi', it certainlu is not. 不 f 董 pull' 'tung, I do not understand.

肯 pull' 'k'en, mt inUing ； I will not. 不 到 本 ，pu】i tau' 'pen, not so much as I gave for it. •sui pieu', do as i/ou please.

4. Conunon Adjectives.

大

til', greed, /)、 'siau, liitlc. 多 ，to， mani/, 少 'shau, few. 乾 ，kan, dry, 濕 ,.sliib, icef ； moist. 淨 tsing', clean, ^ "sang, (liyty. ^ ，kaii， high, # ,ti, low. 寛 ,k'wan, wide, 擎 'chaih, narrow. ^ 'jwan, soft, 石 H ying', hai'd. Jf^ .c'liiiing, poo、', ^1 fu'， ricli.

橫 的 .hei】g ，tih, acrosfi ； ^ 的 sliu' ,tili, upright.

凉 .Hang-, cukl, 熱 i(,li'， hot.

'1^ k'wai', quick, 个曼 man', shir.

現 成 的 hien' .c'hcng ,tih, read [/-made ； muhj.

做 的 tiug' tso' jtili, made to order.

lieu*, thick, 胃 .pauli, thin.

.t'ien, SIC CO f, ,suan, sour. # ，k'ii， biitcr, 辣一 Ia'， hot. 老 ，lau， old, 年 輕 .iiien ,c'ln'iig, young.

ngo'， InuKjnj, 飽 'pau, satisfied. "^、 ^§ 的 'slieug .t'sicn ,tili, cconowical. 臂 的 fei' .t'sien ,tih, wasteful in expend iiu re. 好 ，hau， good, 不 好 pull* 'liau, had. 四方的 si' ,fang ,tih, square, 圓 .yucn, round. 平 常 .P'ing .c'luuig, commun. ^ jhei, black ； dark, 白 .pai, uliifc. 睹 ngan', dark, 亮 liang', bright.

[ 04 ]

生 jsheng, raw; strange, .slieu, ripe ； cooked. 長 .c'hang, kmg, 'twan, short.

kwei', dear; honourable, 賤 tsien', chenp ； mean. 深 jshen, deep, 淺 't'.sicu, shallow. 冷 'leng, cold, 緩 .nwan, warm. 早 'tsau, earh/y ^ wan', laic. 細 si', Jine. 新 .sin, new, 售 chiou', old, 組 ，t'su， coarse. ^§ jSung, loose ； ensi/ ； light. ^ 'chin, tight. 禽 ,chen, true, 假 'chia, fake.

老 實 'lau .shih, honest, 結 寶 .chicli .sliih, firm.

謙 虛 Vhien ,liu, humbk, 驟 傲 ,chiau ngau*, proud.

聰 萌 't'sung .ming, intelligent, 笨 pen', stupid.

便 當 pien' ，tang， 方 便 ,fang pien', convenient.

整 'cheng, entire, 雜 爵 [ .tsa Ian', confused.

利 害 li' hai', dangerous, severe.

^ chungS heavij, @ ,c'liing, light.

淸 白 jC'hing .paih, p!(d"' ； intelligible.

難 得. nan .teh, rare, 容 易 -yung i', emy.

好 看 'hail k'an', pretty.

5. Prepositions.

和 .ho, 還 .hwan, .hai and ； with.

^ .lien, together with. 同 .t'ung, 弁 ping', ivith.

到 tail', to.

，ta， 從 .t'sung, from. 由 .yeu, from ； by. 替 t'i. on behalf of. 代 tai', for. 在 tsai', at ； to be at. 向 hiang*, towards ； to.

根 .ken, with (as a conjunction such, as and.) 當 ,tang, before, as in 當 我面前 ,tang 'wo mien' .t'sien, before wij face.

tui', towards, in correspondence with.

wei', for; on account of. 給 ，kei， for ； to give to. Read clii'， to give. 因 ,yin, 因 爲 ,yin wci', bccaum of.

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6. Postpositions,

裡 ，li， in, as in 衙 『3 裡 .ya .men 'H, in the magistrate's office.

"lif .t'sien, b^ifore, ^ ^ 'ken .t'sien.

中 jchung, in, as in 內 中 nei' ,cliung, among them.

後 hcu', beJiind, 門 後 .men heu*, behind the door.

上 sliangS wpoti, as 身上 ,slien shang', on the person.

下 hia*, under, as 手下 'sheu hia*, under the hand.

外

wai', outside, as inf ^ 外 .men wai'， out aide the door. 內 nei', inside, as in 》l^、 內 ，sin nei', in the heart.

7. Fragmentary Clauses at the end of Sentences.

就 tC tsieu' .wan, and that will he sufficient. 便 罷 pien' pa*, then let it he so.

.t(sai 'hau, it is then all well. 續 知 -t'sai ,chi tau'， and then you will know. 不 成 puV .c'heng, an interrogative of remonstrance. 就 罷 tsieu' pa*, then let if be so. ^ tsieu' .chieh, and so finish the matter.

8. Conjunctions.

但 tan', 但 是 tan' shi', 只 是 'chili shi', hut. 得 閒 呢 -tell .hien .ni, if he is at leisure.

連說話 也不能 -lien ,sliwoh hwa' 'ye puli' .neng, he

could not even apeak. 不 好 的 人又多 Puh' ，！ iP-u jtih .jen yeu' ，to， and had men

are n^unerous.

倒 不 從 前 'tau puh* 'pi .t'suDg .t'sien, yet it is not to he

compared with the past. 更 有 - ,keng 'yen yih' 'chung, there is also anoiher sort.

然 1 奧' 嗨也是 5S 了 ，sui .jan .ngau ，hwei ，ye shi' .c'h'i

'liau, although yov, should repent, yet it is too late. 建 吃 帶 喝 ,lien c'hV tai' ,hoh, both eating and drinking. 若桌 處禾, 的 joli' sH' tsai' puh' 'k'en ,tih, if again

you are not willing. 就 是 tsieu' shi', even if; but even.

[ 6G ]

不 獨 puh' .tub, not onig 建 ,lien, but also

就是做 不出來 他也必 *

•lai ，t'a 'ye pih' c'liii', even if he can not do it, he must still go.

一 面走 -"" ■ 两笑 yili' mien' ，tseu yih' mien* ，siau, he both

walked and smiled, or he walked on smiling •

還 ft 過路 渾桌 特來的 .h 丽 shi' ,kwo lu( .hwan

sli.i' fell .lai ,tih, tvhethcr you are passin.g, or have come on purpose.

不知" ^用了 IK 沒有 puh' ，di'i Mv'o yung' 'liau fan' mull 'veu, / do not know whether they have dined or not ？

寧 死不敢 .ning 'si puh* 'kan, rather die than dare do it.

求 也 無 益 .c'hieu 'ye .wu .yih, entreating is also of no use.

-"^ "會 兒開着 —— 會兒, 着 yih' 'hwei .er ,k(ai ，choh yih' 'hwei .er ,kwan ,choh, for a moment he opened it and then in a moment he closed it.

還 .hwan, .han or .hai, and, 還 有 ' 様 .hai 'yeu ,yih yang',

and there is another thing.

並且 ping' ，t(sie, and further.

尙且 shang* 't'sie, and if further.

也 深 也 淸 'ye ,shen 'ye ，t'sing， both deep and clear.

倒 ，tau, but, 也 'ye, hut; and, 說要 ★ 倒不來 ,sliwoli yau* .lai 'tau puh' .lai, he said he 'would com'e but did not.

也 'ye, but ; and, 你去 也更好 ，！ li c'hii' 'ye ,kcng ，！ lau,

but it would he heftpr for you to go.

因此 ,yin t'si', 所 以 'so ，i, therefore.

因 爲 ,yin wei', hecame, 爲 的 是 wei* ,tih slii', because.

教 他 chiau' ,t'a, 要 他 yau' ,t'a, in order that he, or so

that he —

怕 'k'ung p(a'， lest. 倘 或 't'ang hwoli', if, 倘 使 'fang ，slii, if. ^ 是 job' shi', or yau' sM(， if. 旣 然 clii' .jan, if it be already so ; as it is so.

9. Names of Imported articles, Wax, etc.

日本臘

Jill' 'pen lali', Japan wax. 蘇 合 油 ,su .lioh .yeu, storax. .贿 ,siau， saltj)etrc.

[ 67 ]

黄 .hwang lah', yellow bees' tcax. 黄 .lieu .hwang, sulphur.

10. Imports, License, Fepper, etc.

安 息 香 ,ngan ,sih ,liiang, gum benjamin. 安 息 油 ，ngan ,sih .yen, oil of gum benjamin .

^ .fan ,hianjT, sandal-wood. 由 W^ 椒 .paih .hu ,tsiaii, ichitc pepper. . 黑 棚 椒 .heili .hu ,tsiau, black pepjm-. 沉 香 .c'hen ,hiang, garroo-tcood. 降 香 chiang' ,hiaug, lakka-icood.

1 1 • Imported Medicines. 阿 ,ngo wei(, assafoetida.

上 冰 片 shang' ,ping p'ien*, clean baroos camphor. }ir ,ping p'ieu', refuse baroos camphor. -丁 香 jting jliiarig, cloves.

丁 香 'mu ,ting jhiang, mother of cloves. 印 度 牛 黄 Yin* tu' ，！ lieu .hwang, Indian cow hezoar. ^ .er .c'ha, cutch, catechu. 鄉 臂 ,ping .lang 'kau, betel-nut cake. 棋榔

美國參 'Mei .liwoh shen*, or 西 參 ，si shen', American ginseng.

棟淨 參鬚參 'chien tsing* shen* ,su shen', the ginseng root

denuded of its hairy appmdcifje. ^ 香 ，]'u jhiang, oliban.um, gum renin, or frankincense. ^ ^ moll* yauh', myrrh, 藍 錢 花 teu' k'eii' jliwa, nutmeg flowers. 肉果 juh' 'kwo, or 肉 昔 juh* teu* k'eu', nutmegs, S S ^ .paih teu' k'eu', rose mallows. 木 香 muh* ,hiang, putchiick. 厚 角 ,si 'chiau, rhinoceros' horns. 水 銀 'shui .yin, quicksilver. 洋 藥 -yaug yauh', opium.

[ 68 ]

棍榔衣 jping .lang ，i, husks of betel-nut.

肉植 juli' kwei', cinnamon.

虎 *^ 'Iiu ,ku, tiger's hones.

鹿 角 lull' 'ohiau, deer horns.

血 竭 'hiueh .chieh, dragon's blood gum.

大 板 w 子 ta' jfeng ，ts'i, lucrahan seed.

12. Imported Miscellaneous articles, 火 石 'hwo .shih, flints.

雲 毋' 穀 'yUn 'mu 'c'iiiau, mother of pearl shell, 銅 a 4 口 .t'ling ，nieu k(eu'， brass buttons. 漆 fl ,c'lii c'hi', lacquered ware. 呂 采繩 'Lii jSung .sheng, Manila cordage,

,san, umbrellas. 香柴 ,hiang .c'hai, fragrant wood. 外國煤

wai' .kwoh. .mei, foreign coal. 火滅 'hwo .jung, tindor.

13. Imported Marine productions,

上 窝 shang' yen' ,wo, birds' nests, Isf quality. 中 燕 简 ,cbung yen' ,wo, by ids' nests, 2nd quality, 下 燕 窝 hia' yen' ，wo, bvids' nests, 3rd quality. 黑 海 參 jlieili 'liai sheu', hlaok hicho -de-mar. 白 海 參 .paih 'hai sheii', white bicho-de-mar. 白 魚 翅 .paih .yli c'hi', white shark s' fins. 黑魚翅 jlieih .yii o'hi', black sharks' fins. 乾魚

,kan .viij or 魚 .c'hai .yii, stock Jish. 魚肚 •yii tu'， JUh maws.

魚 .liien .yii, salt fish. 魚皮

•yii -] .fish skins. 海 茶 'hai t'sai', agir agar; an edible fungus. 牛 鹿 筋 .nieu lull' ,chin, buffalo and deer sinew s, ill 段 ^ ,liia ，nii， dried praiom. 7 炎 条 tan' t'sai', dried tn>issels.

魚 皮 ,sha .yii .p'i, sh ark d-ins.

[ 69 ]

14. Imported Dyeing and Colouring materials.

呀确米 ，ya .Ian 'mi, cochineal.

大 靑 la' jt'sing, gambler; a mineral blue.

1^ 木 ,su muh, sapnn-icood.

紫 根 'tsi' 'kcng, sticJdac ； a vegetable medicine.

水 青定 'sHui tien', iiqidd indigo.

魚 膠 .yu jchiau, isinglass.

皮 膠 -P'i jchiau, glue.

藤 黄 .t'eng .hwang, gamboge.

拷 皮 'k'au .p'i, mangrove bark.

沙 1^ ,sLa .t'eng, rattans.

15. Imported Wood. 鳥 木 ,wu mull', ebony.

重 木 chung' mull' .wei, masts and spars; hard icood. 輕木梳 jC'hing muh' .wei, masts and spars; soft wood. 重 木 梁 cliung' muh' .Hang, beams ； hard wood. 重木板 chung' mull' 'pan, planks ； hard ivood. 輕木板 ,c'hing muh* 'pan, planks ； soft 'wood. 麻 栗 樹 板 .ma lib' shu' 'pan, teak planks.

木 .Lung muh', red-wood. 毛 ^tjjj .raau sli'i*, camagon wood, or 7'ough pej'simmon. 呀 P 躧 治 木 ，ya .Ian chi' muh', kranjee wood.

16, Imported Time pieces. Telescopes, etc.

自 P 鳥 鐘 tsi' .ming ,chung, clocks. 時 辰 表 .sbi .c'hen 'piau, watches.

珠 邊 時 辰 表 ,cliu ,pien .sh'i .c'hen 'piau, watdm, imailles d perles.

千 里 鏡 ,t'sien ，li ching', telescope.

雙眼 千里鏡 ，sliwang 'yen ,t'sieii ，li chiiig', opera glass.

kwa' ching*, hanging mirror. 穿 衣 ,c'hwen ，i ching*, dressing glasa. 八 音 琴 ,pah. ,yin .c'hin, musical box.

[ 70 ]

17. Imported Cotton Goods.

布 疋花幔 pu( 'p'ili ，！ iwa man*, cotton and piece goods printed

and plain.

^ 花 .mien ,hwa, cotton.

JM ^ ^ ,yueu 'saih pu', gmj shirtings.

白色布 .paih 'saih pu*, white shirtings.

無花布 .wii ,hwa pu', ； pkJn stuffs.

斜 紋 布 -sie .wen pu', twilled stuffs.

有 花色布 'yeu jliwa 'saih pu', figured coloured cottons.

無 花色布 .wu ,hwa 'saih pu', plain coloured cottons.

花布 ,hwa pu*, fanci/ cottons.

白提布 .paih .t(i pu*, white brocades.

白點布 .paih 'tien pu*, white spotted shirtings.

印花布 yin* ,liwa pu^ printed cottons.

袈裟布 cilia' ,sha pu*, cambric, '

洋鈔 •yaug ,sha. muslin. •

緞布

柳條布 .neu •t'iau pu*, dimities.

色 毛 布 koli' 'saih .mau pu', ginghams, different colours. 麻 棉 帆 布 .ma .mien .fan pu', cotton and canvas duck. 棉 線 .mien ,sien, cotton thread. 棉 鈔 .mien ,slia, cotton yarn. —田 麻 布 si* .ma pu(, fine linen. 7f 且 麻 布 ，t(su .ma pu', coarse linen. 回 狨 .hwcl .jung, fusdans. 羽布 'yii pu*, hunting.

18. Imported Silk article s.

f 帕 'shell .p'a, handkerchiefs. 眞金線 jchen jcliin sien(， gold thread, real. 假 余 線 'chia ,chin sien*, gold thread, imitated. ^ §良 ^ ,clion .yiu sien', silver thread, real. 假 銀 線 'chia .yin sierx' y silver thread, imitated. ^ 驟 呢 I to ,lo .ai, broad cloth; Sjpantsh stripc&.

[ 71 ]

畔 嘴 pi' long ells.

荷 蘭羽縦 .TIo .Ian 'yii twan*, Dutch camlets. 英 國羽鈔 .Ying .kwoh 'yu ,slia, English camlets. ^綢 'vii .c'heu, homhazcttcs. 小呢 siau .111, cassimeres, 滅線 -] ung sien', woollen yarn. 床 Mfe .c'liwang ,chan, blankets. 花剪絨 ,h\va 'tsien .jung, velveteens. ^ 緩 'yii .ling, lasting

小 观 錢 'siau 'yii .ling, imitation lasting, and Orleans lasting. 剪絨 'tsieu .jung, velvet.

19. Imported Metals.

生 銅 jslicng .t'ung, unmanufactured copper. 熱 銅 .sheu .t'ung, manufactured copper.

鐵 ,slicng 't'ieh, utimannfachired iron . 熟 ^ .sheu 't'ieh, manufactured iron. -" 錯 塊 ,c'hien k'wai', lead in pi'ffs. 鋼 ,kang, steel. §易 ,sih, tin.

口 鐵 'ma ，k(eii 't'ieh, tin plates. H 本 銅 Jill' 'pen .t'ung, Japan copper. 4^ 片 jC'hien p'ien', lead in sheets. 白 錯 .paih jC'hien, spelter. 黄 釘 .hwang .t'ung ，ting， brass nails. 商船 建載鐵 ,shang .c'hwen .yah tsai* 't'ieli, kentledge, ^ 絲 't'ieh ，si, iron tvire.

20. Imported Precious Stones, etc,

瑪 瑶 •ma •'nau, cornelians.

瑶瑶珠 .ma 'nau ,cbu, cornelian heads.

Jf^ 塌 tai' mai% tortoise shell.

Jf^ 5胃 碎 tai' mai' sui', broken tortoise shell.

玻 5 离片 ,po .li p'ien', windoiv glass.

^ 糊 ,shan .bu, coral.

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21, Imported Animal Products.

牛 負 .Tiieu 'chiau, buffalo horns.

牛 jSheng .uieu .p'i, raw buffalo hides.

熱 牛 皮 'shell .nieu .p'i, tanned buffalo hides.

海 龍 皮 'hai .lung .p'i, sea-otter skin.

大 ？ M 皮 ta' .hu .li .p'i, large fox skins.

/j、 狐 皮 'siau .liu .li .p'i, small fox skins.

虎 皮 'hu .p'i, tiger skim.

皮 pau' .p'i, kopm'd shins. 豸召 皮 ,tiau .p'i, marten skin.

皮 t'ah' .p'i, land-otter skin. 終 權 皮 .lauh jliwan .p'i, racoon skin, 海騾皮 'hai 】o' .p'i, beaver skin. 灰 鼠 皮 jtwei 'shu .p'i, squirrel skin. 銀 鼠 ]^ .yin 'shu .p'i, ermine skin. 海 馬 牙 'hai 'ma .ya, sea-horse teeth. 整 象 牙 'clieng siang' .ya, whole elephants' teeth. 碎 象 牙 sui( siang' .ya, broken elephants' teeth.

t'u* .p'i, hare skins. 廃 皮 c'hi' .p'i, doe skin. )^ >si .p'i, rhinoceros skin. JpL t'sui' .man, king-fisher feathers. 孔雀 $ 'k'ung 't'sioh .mau, pmcock feathers,

22. Exported Oils, Wax, etc. 白 攀 .paih .fan, alum.

靑 jt'sing .fan, green alum or copperas. '

八 負 油 ,pah 'cliian ,yeu, annheed oil.

# 皮 油 kwei' .p'i .yeu, cassia oil.

薄 荷 油 poll' .ho .yeu, pcppcvmint oil.

^-' .nien .y3u, butter.

芝 藤 油 ,chi .ma .yeu, sesamim oil.

桐 油 .t'ung .yeu, oil of the dryandra tree.

昔 油 'teu .yeu, bean oil.

[ 73 ]

柏油 cliieu' ,yeu, regetahle tallow. 棉油 .mien .yeu, cotton-seed oil. 萆藤油 pi' .ma .yeu, oil of palma-ckristi: 白躐

•paih lah', bees' wax. 葉 .c'ha yell*, tea. 八 角 ，pali 'chiau, star anniscecl. 屬 香 slioh* ,hiang, mush. /\ 負 澄 ,pali 'chiau ，clia， broken aniiiseed. 時 辰 香 -shi .c'hen ,hiang, incense-sticks.

23. Exported Medicines.

二 奈 ,san nai(， capoor cutcheri/. 樟腦 jchang 'nau, camphor. 伯 石 sin' .sliih, arsenic. 桂 Jj^ kwei' .p'i, cassia Ugnea. 植 子 kwei' ，tsi， cassia buds.

土 获 荼 't'u .fuh .ling, China root (used for making biscuits.)

.c'lieng .c'hie, cubebs. 良 量 Jiang ,chiaEg, galangal. 石 黄 .sliih. .hwang, yelloio lead (massicot.)

^ ta' .hwang, rhuharh. 姜 黄 ,cliiang- .hwang, turmeric.

上等 高慮參 shang' 'teng ,Kau .li ,slien, best Corean

下 等 0J 麗 參 Ilia' 'teug ，Kau .li ,slien, inferior Corean ginseng.

上等曰 本參 shang' 'teng ， pen jsheu, best Japanese fjimcncj.

下等 日本參 hia' 'teng Jih' 'pen ,sheii, inferior Japanese

Pl 東人參 ,Kwan jtung .jen ,shen, Manchurian ginseng. 嫩 鹿 耳 nen' luh' .jung, young deer horns. 老鹿耳 ，lau lull* .jung, old deer horns. 中 國牛黄 , Chung .kwoh .nieu .hwang, Chinese cow hezoar. 斑 猫 ，1還 -niau, cantharides.

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桂枝 kwci' jchi, cassia twigs.

陳 皮 -c'licn .p'i, orcoiffc peel. ^ 皮 .cliii .p'i.

上 等 袖 皮 shang* 'teng yeu' .p'i, superior pumelo peel,

{ 橘 皮 .cliii .p'i.) 下 等 才由 Ilia' 'teng yeu' .p'i, inferior pumelo peel. 胃 葉 poll' .bo yell', pejrpennint leaf. 廿 早 ,kan ，t(sau, U quo rice.

胃 .sliih ,kau, ground gypsum ； plaste)' of Paris. 五 t§ 子 'wu pei' 'ts'l, nut-galls. 澄 jfeng mill', honey.

24. Exported Miscellaneous Articles.

枣+ 錦 liau' 'sheu .cliuli, bangles or glass armlets. 竹 器 -cliuli c'lii(， hamhoo ware.. 假 珊 糊 'cilia ,sliaii .hu, false coral. 爆竹 pau' .chuli, fire-worhs (formerly made of bamboo.) ^ 扇 'yii shan', feather fans. ')^\ 器 liau' c'lii', native glass ware. ^\ I 朱 liau' ，clm， native glass heads. 雨 'yii sail', umhreUas. 石 .yiin .sli'ih, marble slabs.

紙 jt'ung 'clii liwa(， rice paper pictures, (pith paper.

( 5M 早 jt'ung 't'sau. ) 承氏扇 'clii shan', paper fans. - 假 珍 珠 'cilia jclien ，cliu， faUe pearls. 古 'ku wan', antiques; curiosities; 古 董 ,ku 'tung, 系田 扇 si' .k'wei shan*, trimmed palm leaf fans. 光且 扇 .t(su .k'wei slian', untrimmed palm leaf fans. iSH 它毛 loll' t'o .mau, camel's liair.

毛 .mien .yaiig .mau, wool. 1 1 1 jshan .yang .mau, goafs ]um\

窘毛 jclian sui', felt cuttings, or sui' ,chan. 紙 花 'clii' jliwa, paper flowers4 il 't'u .mei, Chinese coal.

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25. Exported Colours, Paper, etc.

銅箔 .t'lmg .poh, brass foil.

丹 .hung ,tan， red lead (minium.) 金易 3 白 ,sih .poll, tinfoil. 銀 .yin jcliu, vermilion. 油漆畫 •yeu jt'sih hwa', oil paintings. 錯 粉 ，c'liien 'feu, white lead (ceruse.) 黄 丹 .liwaDg ,tau, yellow lead (massicot.) 硃沙 ，clm ，sha, cinnabar. 上 紙 shang' 'teng 'chi, superior papei'. ^ 等 紙 t'si' 'teng 'chi', inferior pajyer. 油紙 .yeu 'chi, oiled paper. 堡 moll', Indian ink. 漆 jt'sih, 2^ciint.

梭 jtsung, coir, the thready bark of the tsung or coir tree. 麻 .ma, hemp.

早 jteng ，t(sau， lamp wicks. 緑 膠 111' jcliiau, green dye.

廣 東 索 'Kwang jtung soh', Canton twine hemp, 蘇 州 索 ，Su ,clieu soli*, Siicheu twine hemp. 漆 緑 jt'sih 111', green paint. 嘱 穀 li( c'hiauS oyster shells.

lii* .p'i, green leather. i f 定 't'u tien', dnj indigo.

沙 jk'eng ,sha, manure calces ov 2)oudrette,

2G. Various Exported Ware,

牛骨器 .nieu ,ku c'hi', hnffalo hone imre. 牛 負 器 .nieu 'chiau c'hi*, buffalo horn icare, 細磁器 si* .t'si c'hiS fine China leave. 龃磁器 ,t'su .i'&i c'hiS coarse China toare. 白 銅 器 .paih .t'ung c'hi', jmcter tvare. 紅銅器 .hung .t'ung c'hi', copper ware. 木 器 mull' c'lii', wood ware.

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象牙器 siang' .5^a c(lii(， iconj icare. 漆 器 .c'hili c'hi', lacquered ware.

露# 穀器 .yiin 'mu c'hiau' c'lii', mother of pearl ivare.

^ .t'erig c'hi', rattan ivare. 植 香 器 .fan ，！ liang c(hi'， sandal- icood -ware. 金 ^ jCliin c'M(， gold ware. 銀器 ,yia c'hi', silver ware. Jft J 震 器 tai' mai' c'hi', tortoise-shell ware. 皮箱 .p'i jsiang, leather h' mil's. 皮攢 .p'i kangS leather boxes for holding silver. 皮器 •p'i c'hiS leather articles.

貨 .van ho', earthen ware pottery. 黄銅器

.hwang .t'ung c'hi', brass ware.

.t'ung .nieu k'eu', brass buttons. 銅絲 •t《ung ,si, brass wire. 生銅 ,slieng .t'ung, copper ore. 舊 銅 chieu' .t'ung p'ien', old sheathing copper.

27. Exported Wood.

竹竿 .chuh ,kan， J)aniboo poles.

肉 .t'eng jeu', split rattans.

f 春 tIc 舟" 柱 jCliwaiig .Hang .t'o clm(， piks, beams, cross-beams coul pillars.

子 -t'eng .jang 'tsi, rattam stripped of hark.

28. Exported Clothing.

布衣服 pu' ，i .full, cotton clofJiing. 綢衣服 .c'lieu ,i ,fuli, silk clothing.

皮 靴緞靴 •p'i ,hiue twan' ,liiuo, leather and satin boots. 虔 鞋緞鞋 •p'i -liie twan' .liiai, leather and satin shoes. 草鞋 ，t《saii .hie, straw shoes. 巾, .c^lieu mauS silk caps. g .chan mauS felt caps. 早 帽 't'sau mau' ,picn, straw hat braid.

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29. Natire Linen and Cotton Mannfaclurcs.

細 s 布

si' Ilia' pu'， fine grass cloth. 組夏布 jt'su Ilia' p'u, coarse grass cloth, 土布 't'u pu'， mtii'c cotton cloth.

chieu' .mien sii(， old cotton rags. 綿被胎 .mien pei( ,t'ai, palnmpore or cotton bed quilts.

30. Exported Silk Manufactures. 、

棉

化 .mien ,liwa, raw cotton. 湖 -hu ，si, JIu-cheu silk. 土絲' t 'u ，s'i， silk produced in the nciglihourhood. 絲 經 ，si ,chmg, thrown sill-. 野 鐘 絲 'ye .t'san ,si, wild raw silk. 絲 tai', silk rihbonfi.

欄 杆桂帶 .Ian ，kaii kwci^ tai^, silk sashes with cassia flower pattern.

繇' 線 ,si' sien', silk thread,

系 周 .c'licu, jwngecs.

jjtM twan', S((tin.

媚 cliiuen', hiteUr'oig.

纖 紗 clieu' jSlia, crape.

.ling, dammk silk. 羅 lo, laic, a lind of silk striped across icilh fioicers. 剪械 'tsien .jiing, velvet. m 货 sieu' h、vo'， eiiibroidered ;/oods.

系帛 雑 货 ，s'i .mieu .tsali liwo', sUk and cotton mixtures. 四 川 黄 系系 Sr jC'Imeu .liwang ,si, Sze-chuen yellow silk. 同功絲 -t'uiig ,kung ,si, silk reeled from dupiom. 山 東 il^ 綱 ,Slian ,tuiig 'cliicn .Q'\ie\i,Shaii-ti(>ig sil/c piece goock. 糸韋 線 ，wei sien', tassels.

各"^ 滅 kol 丄' 'sheng .jung, floss fro in various jjrovinces.

廣 東 滅 'Ivwang ，tung .jm】g, Canton fioss.

IS 麵 ."sau 'cliion, cocoons.

窗 L 絲 頭 Ivvan' ,si .t'eu, rofuHe siU"

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各 檨席子

koli' yang' .sih 'tsi, mattiiirj, ^Mll 席 ti' .sih, mats. 皮毯 •p'i 't'an, skin nigs.

越 ,clian '"fan, druggets and carpets.

31. Exported Articles of Food, etc.

蜜 錢 糖 菜 mill' chien' .t'ang 'kwo, comfits and stccaimeats, 醫 油 tsiang' .3 观, soj/. 白 $唐 .paili .t'ang, white sugar. jC'h'ih. .t'ang, hroicn sugar.

糖 J ping .t'ang, sugar candy. ■ 黄 姻 .liwang ,yen, tobacco. 鼻 姻 -pih. ,yen, muff. $因 ^ ,yeu ,si, prepared tobacco in threads. 姻 葉 ,yen yeli', tobacco in leaf. 中 國鼻姻 , Chung .kwoh .pih ,yen, Chinese snitjf. 大 頭 茶 ta' .t'eu t'sai', salted turnips. 粉 絲 'fen ，si， rennicelli ('feu ,ser.) 、酒 'chieu, sfonshoo. 海 'hai t'sai', seaweed. 火 腿 'liwo ，t(ui， hams. 0^ 雞 .liien jclii tan', salted fowl eggs.

蛋 pieu' tan', preserved duck eggs (also 松 花)， 'Ian .jen, olice need ('Ian ,jer.) if 敢 'kan 'Ian, oUres. 杏 仁 hing' .jen, apricot seeds or almonds. 香 Ml ，hiai]g hin', rMishrooms. 金 針 茶 ,cliin jclien t-sai', dried lily flowers, 木 mull- .er， wood m.i'. 鞋 圓 Ivwci' .yueu, lung ngan, a fruit, 棍 圓 肉 kwei' .yuen jeuli(， lung ngan, 'without tJte stone. ^ li' ,cli'i, lichee, a fruit. ：蓮 子 .lien ，ts'i, lotus nuts. 芝 麻 jclii .ma, scsam um seed.

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藩花生 loh' ,liwa ,slieng, oi' 長生果 .c'hang ,slieng 'kwo,

花 生 餅 ，ln、'a ,shenG: 'ping, fjyound-nut cake. 藍 tcuS h':'m!s; 黑 藍 jheih teu'， black beam. 藍 餅 ten' 'piug, bean cake.

术 麥雑糧 'mi mail? .tsah .liang, rice, wheat and other cereak: 頭 swan' .t'ou, onions. 子 lili' 'tsi, chestnuts. ^ jheih 'tsau, hlach dates. 紅 康 .hung 'tsau, red doAes.

32. Common Utensils.

刀 t'sai' ,taii> chopping hiife,

麵 ^jtf mien* chang'j paste roller, or ,kan mien' kwun*, dicli for Intead'nig.

.t'iau 'sau or .t'iau 'sliu, straw brush. 担 子 'tan 'tsi, h'mh made of (,clii .man) fowl feathers. ^ij 子 jsliwah. ，ts'i， hvmh of p'ig bristles (,cliu .mau) or goafs

hair (,shan .yang .mau.) 鍋 ，kwo， iro)i coolxing pan; ，！ cavo 'ping, hreacl cakes baked iit a pan. 飯 ^0 fan' .sliau, rice spoon; ，ta ,kwo 'li .yau ,c'huh fan' .lai,

fake rice out of the pan. ^ 子 't'san 'tsi, iron ladle; 't'ieh. tso( ，tili， made of iron. 碟 子 .tieh. ，ts—i， plate ; ,yih. p'eng' tsieu' p'o'， with one blow

it is broken. 碗 'wan, cup ; basin ； fan* Van, rice howl. ^ ^ ，fu 'tsi, axe or hatchet; ^ 紫 p'ih .c'liai, to chop wood. 面 板 mien' 'pan, hieadiug hoard.

火 爐 'hwo .lu， stove; 生 ,slieng ，！ iwo .lu, light the stove. 鍵 .t'sui, mallet; .tsa jtung ，si ,tih, for beating things. ^ 子 ，ting 'tsi, nails; .lang .t'eu, hammer. 雜 chii', saw; chn' muh' .t'eu yung* ,tih, 雷 d for sawing wood. ^ 子 .p'en 'tsi, dish; basin; 'k'o ，i 'si 'lien, for washing the face. 瓶 子 .p'ing 'tsi, hottic; jar; .c'heng .yeu, to contain oil. 厨 t' 匿 .c'liu kweiS kitchen cupboard; .e'heug .tieh ，tsi 'wan, to jmt au-ny 2^Iates and basins.

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slmi .hu, keitle; ,sliau ,k'ai 'sliui, io boil ivater. 'sliui jshau, bucket; ,t'iau 'shui, to carry water. ，& san'， umbrella; 'tang ，ii yung' ,tih, used to ward off rain. •c'lia .liu, tm-jpot. 3C 子 jC'ha 'tsi, fork. .c'Lia 'wan, tea-cup. 調 囊 .t'iau ,keng, spoon.

33. Vefjefahles and Fruits.

白茱 •paih t'sai', cabbage. 萄 .p'u .t'au, grapes.

裹 ，tsaii， dates. 神 子 shi' 'tsi, perwnmon.

芥茱 tie' t(sai'， mustard. 花 紅 ,hwa .hung, small apples.

芥 *

kie' mo', ground do. 無 花 果 .wu ,li\va ，kwo， fig. 廿 庶 kan' ，clie， sugar cane. 李 ，li， plums. 栗子 lih' 'tsi, chestnut.

生 菜 ,slieng t'sai'， lettuce. 平 果 .p'ing 'kwo, (q)jpks.

蔬茱 'chieu t'sai', scaUiom. 梨 .li， pears.

靠茱

,po t'sai'， winter coarse (jreens. 杏 兒 liing* .er, apricots. 斤 茶 .c'hin t'sai, parslci/. 核 桃 ,hoh .t(au, walnuts.

^ .yuen ，sui， caraway. ； ,t'au, ■peach. ^§ ^ .lo peili', turnips; .hung .lo peih', carrots. ~^、 ,t'sung, onions; ,t'sung .t'eu, onion hulbs. 3^ swan', garlic ; 氣 1^ 不好 c'hi' wei' puli' 'hau, unplea-

s_:, odour. ' [potatoes.

山 樂 jslian yauhS Chinese yam ; ,siian .yau .t'eu, English 豆 角 teu' 'cliiauii, bean pods. 香椿 jliiang ，c'lmn， edible leaves of the c'Jiun tree.

苦 ^ 'k'u t'sai', sow thistle, 大 翁 Ij ta' clii', thistle^ /J、 裹 $ 'siau ki'， small thistle.

蓮茱

•p'u t'saiS spinach; t'sui', crispi 耒禹 'ngeu, lotus roots ; 荷. 花 .ho ,bwa, lotm, 黄 JB. 芽 .hwang teu' .ya, yellow hean sprotiis. 緑豆芽 luh* teu' t'sai', green bean sprouts. 西 瓜 ，si ,kwa, water melon ; 莉 .hu .lu, gourd. 王 jffit .wang )k\va, or .hwang ,kwa, cucumber. 冬 瓜 ，tung ,kwa, 傻 瓜 ，、vo ，kwa， pumpkin. 南 瓜 .nan ,kwa, or 番 .fan ,kwa, flat yellow pmnjykin;

壺管 傘壺碗

水水 雨茶茶

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34. Domestic Animals. 雞 ，clii， fowl ; 雞叫

jclii cliiau', coch-crow. 維 .niau, cat; 拿 老 鼠 .na 'lau ，sliu， catch mice. 狗 ，keu， dog; 看 ^ k'an' ,cliia, watch the house. 猪 ,chu, pig ; 猪 wei' ,cliu, feed pUjs. 馬 'ma, horse; 備 )^ pci' 'ma, saddle a horse. 牛

.nicu, cow ； 耕 地 jcliing ii', plough the ground.

羊 .yang, sheep ；'^ 羊 fang' .yang, let out sheep to graze.

子 .lu 'tsi, or .lii， ass ； ，c(liieii c'liii' ting* 'chang, take him to be shod.

驟 子 lo' 'tsi, nmlc; pa* ,t'a t'au' sliang(， _ ^？" 《 him in harness. 鴨 ，yali， duel: ； 鴨 蛋 ,yah tan', duck eggs. .11 go, goose; 毛 .ngo .mau, goose quills.

35. Birds.

子 yen' 'tsi, swallow or martin. 天 我蓦 ，t'ien .ngo, sican. 書 Mi liwa' .mei， white-eyed thrush. 野鷄 'ye ,chi, common pheasant. >^ 凰 feng' .hwang, phcenix. 班鳩 ,pan jcliieu, ； pig eon. 鶴 纏 ,ngan ,c'liun, quail. 八 Ifi 島 ,pah ,ko, raven.

^ 'lau ,kwa, (read ,ya,) ringed raven.

,ying, haick. 龍 1^ ,fei t'sui', variegated Jcing-fisher. 言 禱 -paih .ling, singing larh. 喜 B$ 'hi 'c'liiiieh, magpie. . SI 哥 .ying ，ko， 声 roL

雀 'k'ung 'c'hiileh, peacock. 鴻 子 >koh 'tsi, dove. ® 鴨 'ye ,yah, drake. 驚 驚 >yuen ,yang, mandarin duck. 魚 属 .u ，ying， fish-hawk.

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杜 鶴 tu( ,c'liiuen, goatsucke)'.

大 簾 ta* yen', icild goose.

火 雞 'hwo ,clii, turkey.

仙鶴 .sien .hauh, crane.

家 雀 ,chia Vhiiieh, house sparrow.

鶴 ,sha ,chi, grouse. 扁嘴 ，pien 'tsui, broad-billed; 尖 嘴 ,tsieii ，tsui， sharp-billed. ^ 把 老 長 'i ,pa 'lau .c'hang, long tailed. 翅 榜 子 大 Chi* 'pang 'tsi ta(， its icings are large. 掌 不 分 総 'chang puh' ,fen lieu', u-eb-footcd. 紅 H 索 兒 .hung .poh .er, red necked.

上 shu* sliang', on tnes; 打 竊 ，ta ,wo, make their nest.

36. Fishes.

目魚 'pi muh* .u, sole. 沙 魚 ,sha .ii, shark. 金 魚 ,cliin .ii, gold fish. 白 歸 .paih shan', ivhite eel. 黄 據 .hwang shan', yellow eel. ^Ip 魚 'chi .ii, bream. 鍵 魚 ，]i .ii， carj). 唐占 魚 .nien .ii, silure.

MS 魚 'ti .ii, mackerel. •

^ ^ 網 ，ta .u 'wang, fishing net.

$5/ #> 1^ tiau' .ii ,'kea,fish hook.

玻 稱 魚 赶 ,po .li .ii ,kang, glass globe for gold fish.

金魚池 ,clnn .ii .c'hi, pond for goldfish.

Wf- M, ,sien .u, fresh fish.

誠 魚 .hien .ii, salt fish.

37. Cart Furniture, etc.

.wei 'ts'i, cloth covering of a cart. 子 jC'he .lien 'tsi, cart blind .

jC'he .lun, cart wheels. ' 子 ,c'he chang' 'tsi, sun awning in front.

園 車車車

[ 83 ]

車 尾 ,c'be ，wei, projecting wood hehind a cart.

車轅子 jC'lie .yuen 'tsi, the shafts of a cart.

鈎 4i、 'keu ,sin， the part that connects the cart with the toheeh.

車箱子 ,c*he jsiang 'tsi, inside of a cart-

寵 頭 .lung .t'eu, horse collar.

跨轅 k'wa* .yuen, to sit on the shaft.

起 車 'kan ,c'lie, to drive a cart.

騾 子拉車 lo' 'tsi ,1a ,c'he, mules draiv the cart,

開 車 ，k'ai jC'lie, to set a cart in motion.

架賴' 驟子 chia' .yuen lo' 'tsi, the shaft mule.

3^ 套 ，pien t'au'， the side muk, or leading mule.

馬 鞭 子 'ma pien' 'tsi, whip,

套 車 t'au' jC'he, to harness a cart.

車 軸 >c'he .cheuh, axle tree.

38. Words used in Building,

砌墙 c'hi .t'siang, to build a wall, mo' ,ni, to plaster with mud. 磨 刀 .ma ,tau, hewp.

方 f 専 jfang ,chwen, square bricks; 'lei ,cliwen, build up bricks. 白 灰 .paih jhwei, lime; ,shwah, to brush. 靑 灰 jt'sing jliwei, blue Ime ； a dark clay used to make a blue cement.

泥 土 ,ni ，t(u， mud; mortar ； tso( sliang' .ni, put on mortar. 才毚 草 'c'han 't'sau, to mix straw,

石 頭 .shih .t'eu, stone; man' .shih .t(eu, i)lace stones (as a pavement.)

木頭 mull' .t'eu, wood ; 梁 shaiig* .Hang, place beams,

3£ 'wa, tiles; 按 上 ,ngan shang' 'wa, put on tiles.

^ ,p'i, large earth-hricks ; 晶 'lei ,p'i, to pile mud bricks..

奪 子 .wei 'tsi, reeds; ,chiah .li ,pa, to make a hedge.

油 '漆 .yeu jC'hih, 2)aint; shang' ,c*hih, to paint..

隔 斷 ,chieli twan*, a partition.

上 油 sliang' .yeu, to varnish.

[ 84 ]

89. Liquids.

酒 ，tsieu， wim ； samshoo; ^[ jClien 'tsieu, i^our out ivine.

酉日 t'su', vinecjar; 打 ，ta t'su', buy vinegar.

ydJ ,yeu, oil ; yih' ,cliin, .yeu, a catty of oil.

■ 油 jtsiang ,yeu, soy ; ,koh shang' .yeu, put some say in it.

*^ ^5 .nieu ，nai， cote's milk.

黄 酒 .liwang 'tsieu, brown samshoo, made of coarse rice.

40. Clothing.

乎包 .p'au 'tsi, hi>g robe with waist-hand.

榮帛 f 凑 ，！ nien 'ngau, icadded gown without u'aist-lxmd.

7^ ^ 'k'an jcliien, waist-coat.

1^ .mien k*u' ，ts'i， wadded trousers; ^ t'au' k'u*, leggings. 大 ta' kwa', hug sununer robe.

馬 鞋 'ma kwa', jacket ； 穿 上 ,c'hwen shang', to put it on. 中' 眞 子 mau' 'tsi, cap; 帶 上 tai' shaiig', to jmt it on.

鞋

.hie, shoes; twan' .hie, satin shoes. 勒匕 ,liiue, hoots; 後 底 子 lieu' ，ti 'tsi, thich-sokd. 權 子 wall* 'tsi, stockings; 單 ,tan wall' 'tsi, single faced stockings. V'f* lian' jslian, shirt. >/j、 |±[v ',siau kwa', half summer robe.

,yau tai', girdle; waist band. "jfW 子 k'eu' 'tsi, button; 'nieu 'tsi, button. 領 子 'ling 'tsi, collar.

41. Sickness.

不 爽 快 pull' 'shwang kSvai', not in good spirits. 不舒服 pull' ,sliu 'full, not well.

袋 ？ PS 'uau tai' .t'eng, head-ache. 發 '燒 ，fah ,shau, fei-erish.

癒 .fall yauh' 'tsi, ague. 肚 腹不好 tu' ,fuli pull' 'hau, stomach out of order. 長 瘡 'chang jC'hwang, i!o have ulcers.

[ 85 ]

發 昏 ,fali ,hwun, to faint.

瘤子 jcuh' .lieu 'tsi, wen. 攀 疯 ，t'aii ,feng, ，"/.sy/.

man.

發眼 ,fah 'yen, inflamed eijes,

炎 瘡 'cliieu jC'hwang, to foment.

4j、 WL ，sin t'iaM', pnZpi 滅 on of the heart.

黄 症 -hwang cheng', jaundice.

消 化不動

jsiau hwa' puh' tung', indigestion. 發 fl^ 心 ，fah jUgeu ，sin， tendency to vomit.

42. Boat Fnrnituve, etc,

風篷 ,feng .p'eng, a sail.

運糧船 yiin' .Hang .c'hwen, grain junk.

船 chaii' .c'hwen, tear junk. •[hI 渡 'pai tu(， to fori/ over. 隨 船 .yen .c'h\yen, salt boat.

%M jt'sang, cabin; hold; liia' ,t'sang, put down in the cabin. 鶴 板 jt'sang 'pan, deck planks. 船 械 .c'hwen .wei, mast.

信 旅 ,feng sin' .c'hi, a streamer. 寺危 ）J^ .wci ,teng, mast lanthorn. t'iau' 'pan, shore phuk.

軍 ^£ jtsiang ,cliiun chu', posts on which ropes are ivound. 舟它 to', rudder; 搬 舟它 ,pan to', steer to the right. 梳 .wei, mad; 椎 舟 J ，t'ui to', steer to the left.

.wei ，ku， )nad hoops. jl^ ,fcug .hwan 】''i'， ring for tacMing. ^ 號 ，ta liau', sing ill (J. T 貢 風 'tiug ,feDg, confrarij icind. 掉 掉 tsau' tsau', to roic.

，hi -】） 'eng, i'aise the sail. 船 ；!; 旱 .c'hwen 'kq,n, path on side of boat.

梯 jt'sang ,t'i, hatch way stairs.

[ 86 ]

瞽船 'kwan .c'hwen, .ri, chief hoat-man. ■ 弄船 neng' .c'hwen, to work the boat. 摴船

jt'seng .c'hwen, the boat men. ^ 7^ fan' .sheng, towing rope. ^ 1^ jkwan ，t'sang， f 難 t cabin, 火 'hwo jt'sang, cooking cahin.

你們. 的船快 像燕子 似的， ni .men ,tih .c'hwen

k'wai' siang' yen' ,tsi si' ，tih， youv boat is swift as a swallow.

夥計 都睡着 'hwo ,chi ,tu sliui' .chau, the boat-men are all asleep.

43. Furniture of a House.

桌子 ,choh 'tsi, table ; 方 ,fang ,choh, square table. 椅子 ，i 'tsi, chair; 圈 ,c'hiuen ，i， round arm-chair, 子 wuh* ，tsi， stool; yiieh^ liang^ ,clioh, round table, 板橙 pan ,teng, long stool; bench ; er' .jen ,teng, a stool for two. 櫃

kwei'， cuphoard; 丁貢 箱 'ting ,siaDg kwei', chest on the top of a cuphoard.

箱子 jsiang 'tsx, chest ; .p'i ,siang, leather f runic.

被几 ，pei( ，clii， a long table on which bedding is piled.

茶几

.c'ha ,chi, tea table.

条案

•t'iau ngan(, long high table; ,sliu ngan*, table for hoolis. 盆架 .p'en chia', basin stand.

^* 架 jsliu cilia', hook-case; ,koh ,sh.u for placing books, mm .c'hu kwei', kitchen cuphoard.

才目 .liing jsiang, baggage trunk, 茶 箱 ，c'lia ，siang'， tea chest. 花瓶 jliwa .p'ing, flower Jar. 花盆 ,liwa .p'en, flower ^jot. ^ O cliiug' .t(ai， mirror stand.

mau' ching', looking fjlass.

h'iV'd', j)ictHre ; tsdV ,t'siang shaiig' kwa' ,choh, /tiing on the wall. 對字

tui' 'tsi, Jianging sentences in pairs.

脚 踏 'chiau .ta， foot-'Sfool, or .ta 'chiau 'tong, the same.

書 才目 ,shu jsiang, book box.

書 .tuh ,shu .p'an, a traij for pencils, inkdonc, etc.

木 瓜 盤 mull' ,kwa .p(an， a tray on which is placed a fra- grant melon.

[ 87 ]

菌 架 mail* chia', hat stand. \_fioicers. )fiL kwa' .p'ing, a hanging jar ; ，k(o ，i ,c'ha ,hwar, for holding 飯 桌 fan' jclioh, dining table.

.c'hwang, bedstead. 燈 jteng, lamp; kwa' ,tcng, hanging lanthorn.

44. Insects, Heptiles, etc.

螞蟻 .ma ，i， ant ; Ian' .p(a， crawling in disorder.

臭 虫 c'heu' .c'hung, bug ; 'yau .jen， they Mte people.

蜜 蜂 mill' jfeng, homy bee; mih' ,feng ,wo， bee- hive.

^ 魚 tuli* .ii, book u-orm; ,c'liih ，sliu, eat books.

, 蝶 'hu ，t'ieli， hutterjli/ (read .tie) ； ，t'o c'hiau', leaves his shelL

蝶 4^ .wu ,kimg, centipede ; 'yau .jen 'yeu .tuh, the]/ hate " pokonom bite.

她 ^ yeu' .yen, cenUjmk tdth angular legs.

園 .t'san 'cliien, chrysalis of the silk ivorm.

.c'han, or 虫貢 |1 f 留 ,cliih .lieti, cicada or broad locust. 鍵蜂 ,sih shwai*, or 么' 曲 她 'c'hii 'c'hii, cricket.

王 馬 tsau' .wang 'ma, hearth cricket.

jC'hieu 'yin, or | 曲 'c'hii shan', earth worm. 螢火虫 •yung 'hwo .c'hnn^, fire- fly . 狗 备 'keu tsau', flea; liwei* peng', they can Jump. 蒼 繩 ,t'sang ,ying, house fly.

.ma 'clia, 黄 虫 .hwaiig .c'hung, migvatory locust.

子 ,si ，tsi'， louse. 土 狗 ，t'u 'keu, mole cricket.

蚊子 .wen ，ts'i， mosquito; 帳 .■U'en chang*, mosquito curtain. 子 jhieh 'tsi', scorpion ； .na ，i ,pa ，clioh ijen, they sting with their tails. .t'san, silk-Korm; 't'u ,si, produce silk. 螺 M .lo ，si, siiiml shell; 海 螺 ， hai .lo, long musical shell,

jcliu ,chu, field spider, -ft. 穀 蟲 'wu ,kuh .c'hung, n-ecvil, corn-eater. 螺募. lia ,ina, toad. 白 锡 -paih .Her (.ling .er,) sand-fly.

[ 88 ]

45. Common Verbs.

Abolish, 4* Chu', 廢 fci'. Accept, 收 納 ,sheu nali'. Add, 力口 ,clna. Affect, 感 動 'kan tung(. Amputate, 刺下 -la Lia'. Ascend, 上 slmng'. ― 一 Ask, 問 wen' ，要 yau'J 禽， t'siug. Avoid, 免 mien', 避 pi'. Baptize, Wipe ，sh'i ，si. Bathe, 洗 燥 'si 'tsau. Beat, ^ ，ta. _ Beat clothes, ,sliwai. Begin work, 動 工 tung' ,kung. Believe, 信 £n'， 信 服 sin'

.fuh, M 信 ,siang sin'. Bend, 脅 ,wan. Besiege, 園 困 .wei k'wim'. Bind, 綑绑 'kwun 'paug. Boil, 煮 'cliu.

Bolt, \k 'sliwan. [-bu. Burn in cooking, 妙 胡 'c'hau Bury, 埋 葬 .mai tsafig*. Buy, 買 'mai. Calculate, 算 svrau(. Call, 招 ^ ,cbau ,1m. Call out, 讓 .jang. Can, 能 .neiig, 得 -teh. Carry, tai', ,pau. Cease, 停. t'ing, 止 住， cl" cliu'. Choose, 棟 選 'chien 'siiien. Comply, 仿從， i -t'siing. Condemn, 定 罪 ting' tsui',

Confess, 認 罪 jen' tsui*. Congratulate, 恭 喜 'kung 'hi. Connect, 續 ,tsieh sii Conquer, 得 勝 .teh sheng'. Cough, 咳 嗽 .k'o sou'. Cover, 蓋 上 kai' sliang'. Covet, 貪 ，t(ar" Crack, ^ ^^ lieli' ，k'ai. Crush, 壓 壤 yali' hwai'. Cry, 呌 cliinu', Pj^ han'. Cure, 、冶 好 chi' 'hau. Cut, .la, u iih scizzors, 'ehiau. Decide, 定 規 ting' ,kwei. Delay, # ^ ,tan .koh. Deliberate, 翁 酌 ，clien ,clioh. Depend on ，倚賴 lai'. Descend, 降下來 Chiang'

ilia* .lai. Desire, 顾 yuen'. Desist, 止 住 'chi chu'. Despair, 絶 望 -tsiueh wang'. Destroy, 毁 壤 'hwei hwai'; Detain, ^ 着 .lieu ,cho. Die, 死 'si, 去 世 c'M' slii'. Differ, 差 着 ，c'ha ,clio. Diminish, 减 少 'cliicn 'sliau. Direct, 指 淨 'chi 'tieii. Disclose, 露出來 lu' ,c'liuh

.lai (also Icu'.) Discuss, 辯 論 picu' lun'. Disperse, 散 ^ san' ，k'ai. Disregard, ^ 額 .puh ku'.

[ 89 ]

Dissolve, 消 化 jsiau hwa*,

化 hwa'. Distinguish, 分 明 ,fen .ming. Disturb, 動 'chiau tung*. Divide, 分 開 ,foii ，k(ai. Divine, 占 卜 ，clian puh*. Do, 做 tso'. Draw, 拉 ,1a, 拖 ,t'o. Drive, 起 'kan. Dry, 8 西 乾 shai' ,knn. [elm'. Dwell, 住 cliu*. 居 住 ,chu Eat, 吃 ,c'liih. Endure, 忍 耐 jen' nai'. Engrave, 刻 字 ,keh tsi'. Enjoy, 享 受 'liiang sheu*. Enquire, 打 聽 'ta ,t'ing. Enter, 進去 tsin' c'hii'. Entice, 引 誘 'yin 'yeu. Entrust, tE ft ,t'o fu'. Escort, 護 送 W sung'. Examine, 考 究 'k'au ,chieu. Except, 除 .c'hu, 以 夕 ，i wai'. Exert yourself, ttj 力， c'liuli lili'. Expand, 伸 寬 ,shen ,k'wan. Extinguish, 滅 沒 mieh' mo'. Faint, 录 過 去 ,hwun kwo*

c'hii*.

Fall, 跌 下 ,tieli hia', 棹 下

tiau' hia*. Fan, 打 扇 ，ta shan'. Fear, 怕 Feed, 喂

Feign, 假 做 'chia tso(. Fight, 打 ^ 'ta diia'.

Finish, 傲 完 tso( .wan. Fix, 定 下 ting* hia'. Flatter, 奉 承 feng' .c'heng. Fling, 機 .jeug. , Flow, 流 .lieu. Fly, fei. Forbid, 禁 止 chin' ，cM. Forget, 忘 .wang. Freeze, 凍冰 tung* ,ping. Fulfil, 成 就 .Cheng tsieu'. Gamble, ^ ^ 'tu .t'sieu. Give, 送 sungS 鈴 'chih (，kei.) Go, 去 c'hii', 往 Vang. Grieve, 憂悶 jVeu men . Guard, 把 守 'pa 'sheu. Guess, 猜 ,t'sai, Help, 相 幫 ,siang ,pang, 幫

助 ,pang elm'. Hide, 藏 ."sang nih'. Hire, ffl ，"u， % lin:. ['fah. Imitate, 學 .hioh, 效 法 hiau' Inform, 告 新 kau' su'. Injure, 傷 害 ,sbang hai', 損

害 'sun hai'. Instruct, 教 訓 cliiau' liiiin*. Intercept, 截 欄 -tsieli .lau. i Investigate, 查 察 .c'ha ,c'liali. Invite, 請 't'sing. Kneel, 婉 kwei'. 「，cli':eh ，ts'i. Tie a knot, 打）^ 子 'ta Ladle, 纏 't'sa'i. Lead, 引 導 'yin tnu(. Leave it there, 留 着 -lieu ,cho. Leave a place, 離 開 .li .k'ai.

[ 90 ]

Lend, 借 tsie'.

Let, 出 賃 ,c'huh lin'.

Lie down, 眠 下 .mien hia*.

湾尚 下 't'fing hia'. [hwa*. Lie (falslcy,) 識 話 'hwang Lift, 舉 M 'elm 'c'hi. 擎 起

.c'hing 'c'hi. Look, 職 'c'heu. 看 k'an'. Look after, 照 應 chau' ,ying. Make, 傲 tso'. Manage, 蒈理 'kwan ，li. Mark, 印 ，ta yin'. Matcli, 配 着 p'ei' ，cho. May, 可 m ，k'o ，i. Measure, .liacg. Meet, 遇 着 ii' ,clio. Mend, 修

Mix, 調 ^ .t'iau .ho. Mock, ^ 弄 lung'. Molest, 難爲 .nan .wei. Nail, 針 ting'. Name, 起 名 ， c'hi .ming. Obey, 遵 後 .tsun .t'suDg. Offend, 干 《£ ,kan fan'. Oppose, 考巨 住 .cliii chu*. Ought, 應 當 ,ying ,tang. Overturn, 椎 倒 ,t'ui ，tau. Parch, 乾 貝占 ,kan ,t'ieli. Peel, 剝 皮 ，poli .p'i. Perforate, 穿過去 ,c'hwcn

kwo* c'hii'. Perspire, 出 汗 ,c'huli han'. Pierce, 扎 ,cliah, 穿 ,c'hwen. Plait, 辮' ，ta ,picn.

Plane, 包 I'j .p'au. Plough, 耕 jkeng or ,cliing. Pray, 歸 告 'tau kau'. Prepare, 預 備 u' pei'. Print, 印 yin.

Proceed, 上前走 shang'

.t'sien 'tseu. Produce, 出 ,c'huli, 生 出

jSheng jC'liuh. [clierig*. Produce evidence, 引 言 正 'yin Prosper, 旺 ,liing wang'. Protect, 保 佑 'pau yen'. Purify, 洗 'si. Pursue, 追 超 ,cliui 'kan. Push,, 椎 ，t'ui. Put, 掘 ,koh, 按 .ngan ，放 fang'. Rail at persons, 馬 人 ma' .jen. Reap, 收 jsheu, 激 lien'. Head, 讀 .tub. Rebel, 造 反 tsau' 'fan. Receive, 受 著 slieu' ,clioh.

do. 到 手 tau' 'sheu. Redeem, 讀 .sliiih. [,yuen. Redress grievances, 申 ,shen Reduce, 減 輕 'chien ，c'hing. Eefine, 録 lien'. Ptcform, 改 正 'kai cheng'. Release, 開 釋 ，k'ai ,sh"ih. Remove, 搬 家 ,pan ,cMa. Repay, t^n 還 .p'el .liwan. Repent, f^. 改 'hwei 'kai. lleply, 回 答 .hwei ，tali, Hepresent, 當 做 ,tang tso'. Reprove, 責 '俯 tseh' pei'.

[ 01 ]

Rest, 安 息 ,iigan sih. Return, 回 去 .liwei c'liii'. Reward, 賞 'shaiig. Hide horses, 騎 ,cln. Rub, 磨 .mo. Salute, 請 安 't'siiig ,ngaii. Scatter, 散 開 san' ，k'ai. Scoop,

挖

wall'.

See, 看 見 k'an* chien*.

Seize, 拿 著 .iia ,cho.

Send, tf § ，ta ,fah, ffj 信

jShau siu'. Serve, 事 奉 sli'i' feng'. Shake, 搖 .yau, 抖 ，teu. Shave, M t'i'. Shut, 闘 ,kwan. Sing, 唱 c'haiig'. Singe, 燒顔 色

'shai or sch. Sit down, 坐 下 tso' liia'. Slap on the face, tf 嘴巴

'ta 'tsui pa' 'ts'i. Smear, 塗 .t'u. 噴 ,p'en. Smile, 含 笑 .hail siau(. Smuggle, fffij ISi jt'cu sliui'. Snuff candle, 爽 去纖花

jcliiah c'hii' lah* ,hwa. Soothe, 安 慰 ,ngan wci'. Speak, 話 jshwoh hwa'. Spend, 費 用 fci' yung*. Spin, 翁 線 'fang sieu'. Sprinkle, 灑 去 Start, 起 身 ， c'hi ,shen. Sting, 涵 tVi'.

Strike, ，ta.

Surrender, ^ ^ .t'cu .liiang. Sustain, 當 ,tang. Swear, 發 誓 .fah shi'. Take, 4 AVd, 取 't'su. Take up time, 軌 誤 ,tan 'wu. Taste, 嘗 .c'hang. Teach, 教 cliiau'. Tear, 撕 破 ,si pV. Tempt, 誘 惑 'yeu hwoh'. Thank, 謝 謝 sie' sie*. Tliiuk, 思 想 ，si 'siang. Thirst, 渴 'k'oh. Throw, 鶴 jjeng. Toast, k'an-S 《考 ， Translate, 繙 譯 ，fan i'. Treat, 看 待 k'an' tai*. Tremble, || 抖 ,fali ，teu， ff

戰 戰 'ta cban' chan'. Try, 試 試 看 sh'i' shi' k'an*. Turn back, 回 轉 .hwci 'chwen. Wait, 等 候 'teng heu'. Wake, 酉 S 'sing. Waken, 叫醒 chiau' 'sing. Warn, 警 戒 'cliing cliie'. AVaste, i% 養 laug' fei(. Watch the house, 看 家 k'an'

, cilia.

Weave, 織 布 ,cliili pu'. Weep, 哭 ,k'uli. "Weigh, 稱 c'lieng'. Wrap, 包 着 ,pau ,choh. Wring dry, 择 乾 ， nieu ,kan. Write, 寫 'sie.

[ 92 ]

46. Distindice Numeral Particles. *

個 ko(， as in ― 個人 .yih ko' .jeu, a man. Also of cash, loaves, etc.

蓋 'chan, small cup. Used of lamps, tea-cups, cliina-tra)'s， etc. 張 jchang, to stretch. Numeral of tables, bows, lips, etc. 雙 jcliih. Numeral of fowls, slieep, boats.

jcli'i. Numeral of pencils, fifes, branches. 處 c'hu', place. Numeral of places and houses. .

jfeng, to seal. Numeral of letters and packets.

cilia', a supim't. Numeral of cannon <^ ,ken, root. Numeral of poles, masts, etc. 口 ，k(cu， mouth. Numeral of coffins, bells, water vessels.

cliien', divide. Numeral of things, clothes.

cbiuen', roll up. Numeral of pictures. 顆 ，k(o， small head. Numeral of pearls and grain.

,k'o, rank; order. JSTumeral of trees.

'kwan, pipe. Numeral of fifes, pencils.

k'wai', a piece of. Numeral of dollars, stones, etc. 領 'ling, neck. Numeral of mats, blinds, etc. 面 mien', face. Numeral of flags, drums, etc. ,c'lia shang .c'hi

，ts'i， set tq) a flag. 把 'pa, handful. Numeral of knives, mallets, clubs, spoons,

chairs.

本 'pen, root. Numeral of books, account books.

[/C 'p'ili, to 2^ air. Numeral of horses, mules, etc.

錦 p'uS to sjjread out. Numeral of beds and couches.

步 pu', dep. Used of situations. Che' pu* .t'ien ti', such a

position as this. 所 'so, place. Numeral of houses.

頭 .t'eu, heap. Used of animals. ,San 'paili .t'eu ,nieu, three hundred cows.

These particles are used to connect a number with its noun, when that noun represeuts an individual tliiii<^, i. e. wlion it is an appellative noun. There are about forty such p^i'i ides, :iml of these arbitrary usage determine a which bhall be uuipluyud wiLli uuy uouu. '

[ 03 ]

條

•t'iau, sprout branch. Numeral of collars, clubs, ropes, dogs, dragons, snakes, fishes, roads, doctrines, etc. . 項 'ting, summit. Numeral of hats, sedan chairs. 杂 'to. Numeral of flowers.

to*. Numeral of walls. 端 twan*, orderly. Numeral of things, affairs. 座 tso', a seat. Numeral of iuns, temples, hills, etc. 文 .Tven. Numeral of copper cash. ^§ .wei, tail. Numeral of fishes.

位 wei', seat. Numeral of scholars, mandarins, teachers.

47. Significant Numeratives. *

張 ,cliang, a sheet of paper, skin, flat thin cakes. 雨 張 竹 紙

'Hang ,cliaug .cliuh ，ch'i， two sheets of bamboo pajjer. 車 jC'he, a carriage load or barrow load of wood, lime, bricks, etc. i(fx .che, a fold of paper.

陣 clien*, a gust or bnrd of wind, rain, hail (pan* 'ts'i, ) or thunder. 打 了 ~~ ' 陣 雷 ，ta 'liau yih chen* .lei, there ivas a burst of thunder. ,clioh, a table of rice, chu', a stick of incense.

船 .c'hwen, a boat load of anything. 來 了 -— 船 魚 .lai 'liau yih' .c'hwen .hien .ii, a boat of salt fish has come,

巾虽 子 ,fuli ，ts'i, a fold of cloth, of blinds, of curtains, .feng, a sealed packet of letters, etc.

項 'hiang, a heap of silver.

口 ，k'eu, a mouthful of rice, etc.

簡 ,chien, an apartment of a house.

句 chii*, a sentence of books, words.

塊 k'wai*, a ； piece of land, cake.

細 .k'wun, a faggot or bundle of wood, string.

* These words are used to connect numbers with material nouns or with other nouns, when a part of them needs to be spoken of. Significant numera- tives are definite or indefinite. Those which are definite are weights and measures. Those which are indefinite are here oxempli&ed.

[ 94 ]

手

溜 lieu', a stream or tract of water, land, etc. a grain of corn, etc. ，pa, a handful of rice, etc. '

包

，pau, a hiindle of sugar, clothes, etc. 瓢 .p'iau, a scoop of water, etc.

片 ，p'ien， a ； piece of land, water, clouds, snow ； a coUedion of houses.

篇

p'.ien', a piece of writing or of a book. a j)iece of cloth. 席 .sih, a mat, a feast, a party of guests. 扇 slian', a fan, fold of a door.

'sheu, a hand covered with blood, earth, etc. 心 'sheu .sin, a handfitl of rice, etc. .t'ai， a load (carried by two persons) of anything. idi'y a tract of land, water, streets, clouds, etc. tan', a load (carried by one person) of auytliing. 1^ tau', a path or stream of light. §^ .t'eu, a head or end of string. 挑 jt'iau, a load (carried by one person.) jj^ .t'iau, a length of anything. 帖 ,t'ieh, a piece of plaister, of gold leaf, etc. 淨 A 'tien, a dot, a little of.

.t'o， a heap of salt, of cash ； a cake of pastry, etc. 各它 .t'o, a ball, made by winding ； a cake of pastry, etc. 頓 tun', a meal of rice, etc., a beating (with ，ta， to strike.) 堆 jtui, a heap of earth, fruit, stones ； crowd of men, animals. 團 .t'wan, anything round, a ball of hair, hemp, silk. 殆 jt'san, a meal.

層 .t'seng, a story of pagodas, towers ； thichiess of paper, cloth,

锦 .tsieh, a joint or subdivision of anything, as of bamboo, a

whip, a finger, the spine. 九 .wan, a pill of mediciue. ^ wei*, taste, land, of medicine, food, etc.

[ 95 ]

48. Weights, Measures, Vessels, and other definite divisions. 蓋 'clian, small cup.

站 chanS a stage on a journey ； in Kiang-nan 90 U or 30 English miles ； in Worth Chiua a distance varying between 60 and 130 li.

張 jchang, leaf of a book, of paper, of gold leaf ； a single skin.

章 ,chang, section of a book.

丈 changS ten feet, or 141 inches English.

抄 c'liau', the 10002'A paH of a sheng cnc pint.

/j^i c'heng', 10 catties or poimds weight.

Jf^ 'c'hih, Chinese foot; 14 inches aud one-tenth English.

if 厨 .c'hii, a tcardrohe; book-case.

忠 子 jchiing 'tsi, a cup.

分 ,fen, a candareen or tenth part of a mace ； one cent ； tenth of

an inch ； a minute. 毫 .hau, a small measure of length ； tenth of a li 下 liia(， a stroke of the clock ； an hour. [M 子 .Ilia 'tsi, a small box.

歇 hieh, 會 子 hwei' 'tsi, 會 兒 'hwei .er, ('liwur, in north- ern China,) an instant of time. 壶 .hu, a tea pot or wine ； pot. 邀、 ,huh, loth jmH of a hau. 斜 .huh, five teu. 曰 ； jihS day.

離 jkang, a large vessel for holding water, and other liquids. 更 ,keng (jching in the north,) a watch, 5th part of a niglit ；.

counted from night-fall to day-break. 刻 .k'eh, quarter of an hour. 斤 , chill, a catty, \\ tbs. English. 傾 'c'hirig, 100 men of land.

負 'chioh, a drinking hom, a horn of wine ； 'cliiauh, 4th of

anything ； corner. 卷 chiiien', chapter of a book.

hoh', tenth of a sheng or pint ； in nor then usage, a handful

[ 96 3

弓 ,kung, a hoic, (as a measure for land) five feet.

句 chii*, a sentence.

^1 kwan', a pitcher ; a pot,

筐子 .k'wang 'tsi, a basket.

櫃 kwei', a wardrobe; cupboard.

鍋 jkwoli, a frying pan.

藍 .Ian, a basket,

'leu, a hamper (with a small mouth.) 'li, Chinese mile, ^rd of an English mile. .li， \Mh part of a fen ； 100th part of an inch, 'liang, a tael; 1| oz ； sixteenth of a catty, or l-12tli of a lb. 'meu, ，mu， 240 square pu', or 6, 400 square Chinese feet, 'miau, a second.

雨 畝 秒 年

men, a year,

盤 .p'an, a plate, or tray of earthenware or wood.

.p'en, dish; howl; basin. ^ peng*, an earthen pitcher.

，pei， a u'hie cup.

.p'iau, a cocoa-nut scoop. 瓶 .p'ing, a bottle; vase. 疋 'p'ih, 40 feet of cloth. 步 pu*, five feet, used in measuring land.

jshah, on instant (southern.) Q|p] 'shang, a forenoon or afternoon. 首 'sheu, a piece of poetry.

升 jslieng, a pint measure (of rice 1| catties in the north.)

"jtf^ shi*, a generation; an age; thirty years.

時 .slii, 時 辰 .shi .c'hen, 時 候 .shi heu', an Jiour; tico

English hours. 箱 .siang, a chest; box.

絲 ,si, 100th part of a ,hau ； 10/// part of a huh*. 歳 sui', a year. 管 jshau, a huchct. 代 ta(, a (jeneratiotK

[ 97 ]

口 袋 'k'eu tai', a bag.

檐 tan', a pecul; one hundred catties; 133| English pounds.

I 曇 .fan, a pitcher.

3^ t'ang', a column of characters.

斗

'teu, ten pints or sheng. 牒子 .tieh ，tsi'， a plate. Ipj^ 鐘 'tien ,cliung, an hour. 天 ,t'ien, a day. 麓

•tsieh c'hi', solar term ； 24:th of a solar year. 錢 .t'sien, a mace; tenth of an ounce or tael ('liang) ； a iiiece of coined money.

,t'soh, 100 f/t of a sheng or pin t. ■\J" t'suu', a Chinese inch; 1. 17 5' of m English inch.

't'ung, a barrel; cask or bucket.

weng', a large water vessel,. M ， wan, a 謹 all basin. 葉 yell', a leaf of a book. 月 yiieh*, a month.

49. Collectives.

子 jchi 'tsi, a branch of flowers, of a family, of an army, c'hwen', a chain of cash, beads, pearls, f u、 a pair or set of antithetical sentences, of ear-rings, .hang, a rank of trees, of parallel: threads, .hu, a quiver of arrows, 'hwo, a company of men;, .chiiin, on army.

兒 k'wai' .er， the whole of a thing; kwan'，." cliain of gold, precious stones or pearls, .c'hiun, a flock or herd of sheep, cattle, wolves. ，ku， share in trade, divison of an army ； breeze of' wind. . ,p'ai, a raft of timber, bamboo. 5^ ，pan, a set of men ； rank of soldiers. 片 p'ien', a sjilinter; collection of buildings, .

枝串副 行壺夥 軍塊骨 ；羣

[ 98 ]

雙 ,shwang, a 2Kiir of shoes, chopsticks (k'wai' ，ts'i.) 帶 tai'， a tract of land.

,tau， parcel of 100 or more sheets of paper.

套

fan', a covering ； cover of books, (several stitched volumes placed together in a loose cover are called a t'au.)

旗 .c'lii, banner, 屬 ^ 旗 .slmli 'na yili' .c'lii, to which banner does he helomj ？

^ .tsuh, Jandrcd.

隊

tui(， a party of five or more soldiers. 對 tui'， a pair.

50. Auxiliarij Nouns of Quality.

種 'cluing, sort of men ； portion of silver. 這 人 clie* 'cbung .jen, this sort of men.

項 hiaiig", prn-f of ； jort of. 這一項 錢是權 船的那 一 境錢是 1 雇 車子翁 clie' .yih Liang' .t'sieii sli'i' ku' .c'liweu ,tih, — na' .yih Liang' .t'sien slii ku' ,c'he 'tsi ,tili, thin imH of tJie money is to hire a boat, and that to hire a cart. ■ — 項 ^ 'j 青 che' .yih Liang' sli'i' .t'sing, this sort of thing.

肝 ,kan, stem; sort of. 他 們 叉 是 一 才于人 ,t'a ,mea

yeu' slii' yih' ,kan .jcn, tht'i/ are another sort of people. 類 lei', sort of. 不是 ~~ ■ 類的人 .puh sb'i' .yih. lei' ,tih

.jen, Jtc is not the sai/ie sort of man. ,pan, the same in kind, sort of ； 运 般 3fe 景 clio' ,pan

jkwang 'cliing, this sort o f appcdraiive. # yang''， kind of ； ^ 人 jlp che' yang' .jeu 'p'in, this

kind of men.

, 51. Numeral Particles to Verbs.

翻 ,fan, to tiii-ti over. 叉 是 一 翻 來 了 ycu' slii' yili*

jfiiii .lai 'liau, Jte is come once more. 下 bias numeral of strokes. 打 了 三下鐘 ，ta 'liau ,san

Ilia* jchuDg, it has struck three times.

[ 99 ]

會 子 hwei' 'tsi, a mectinr/. 去了 一 會子 c'hii* 'liau

•yih hwci' 'tsi, lie has gone once. 遍 y)icn(， to go completely round; numeral of seeing. 赚過兩

.t'siau kwo' 'Hang- ,picn, I have looked tJ"'ough it twice. 遷 fang', a fimr; numeral of any action.

遭 ,tsau, numeral of revolutions ； as of oxen grinding, the

sun revolving. 次 t(si', repetition ； numeral of any action.

52. Phrases at an Inn 店 tien'.

乾 淨 屋 子 >kan tsing' ,wu ,tsi, a clean apartment.

！)^ ,sliau k'aug', liykt the brick couch. 赏 雞 蛋 'elm ,clii tan', ho'il eggs. 煎 羊 肉 jtsicn .yang jcu', /r// mutton. ')vfi; 雞 tun' ,chi, stew fowls.

^ ^ 'ma ting' 'cliang, shoe the horse. Pp^ 草 料 wei' 't'sau liau', feed him with straw and com.

口喂了 Meng ，k 'cu wei', 'liau, the (uiimals are fed. 房 ^1 .fang .t'sien, moneij for lodging. 打 更 tJ^ 'ta ,ching ,tih, the watchman.

上坐着 k'aug' shang' tso' ,clio, Hitting on the brick hedplace.

上鋪蓋 'k'wun shang* ，p'u kai'， iic up the bedding. 鋪 轉 子 ，P'u juli' ，tsi， spread out the mattrctss. 打 開 被 'to jk'ai pei'， unloose the coverlid. i§ 上士 g 子 ,sa shang' to' ,tsi, imck the pack saddle. 高 梁豆子 》kau .Hang ten' ,tsi, millet

[ 100 ]

APPENDIX I.

Tones of the Peking dialect.

1. "Words in the first tone class, 上 平 shang p'ing, take the upper quick falling inflection ； by the falling inflection being meant the tone of commands in English. But this becomes the upper even monotone in combination witli another word following. If a word of this class stands last without the accent, it assumes the lower quick even monotone, as iu 外 邊 wai' ,pien, outside.

2. Words in the second tone class, 上 ？ 5^ shang sheng, take the lower quick or slow rising inflection. The rising inflection is in English the tone of questions. When two words of this class are placed together, the former takes the upper quick rising inflection, as in 洗 臉 'si 'lien, wash the face.

3. "Words in the third tone class, 去 聲 c'hii sheng, take the lower quick falling inflection, or the lower slow falling circumflex, which first falls and afterwards rises. When two words of this class are placed together, the last is pitched high, and becomes the upper quick falling inflection.

4. Words in the fifth class, 下 平 hia p'ing, take the upper quick rising inflection, or occasionally the upper quick rising circumflex, wLicli is a double inflection, first rising and tliea falling.

5. Words belonging primarily to the fourth tone class, >\ 聲 juli sheng, are, in the spoken dialect, distributed among the other tone-classes in tlie following manner : —

Old tone-class.	Initial letter.	Peking tone-class.
Upper juh sheng.	k, t， p, s. ts， ch, h, w, y.	Upper p'ing sheng, 上. 平
Lower juh sheng.	，k t, p, s. ts, ch, h.	Lower p'ing sheng, 下 平
Lower juh sheng.		C'hu sheng, 去 聲

C 101 ]

This is the general law, but the exceptions are very numerous, and they admit, for the most part, of reduction to a few subordinate laws, which, here follow, numbered 6 to 9,

6. Many upper juh slieng words, principally substantives, with the initials k, t, etc., and accustomed to be pronounced alone, are heard in the second tone or shang slieng, * e. g. 'hie, blood; 百 'pai, a hundred; 鐵 't'ie, iron; 尺 ，c(hi'， (I foot; 北 ，pei， north; 塔 ，t(a， a pcifjod" ; 脚 'cluau, foot - 華 'pi, pencil. Many words whose usual tone is the first, take 上 聲 shang sheng for a special sense, as ； 曲 k'iuk, which is jC'liu, crooked, but Villi, a song.

7. Words taken from the book language, and not used to be pronounced singly, or not themselves thoroughly colloquial, prefer the third tone or 去 聲 c'liii slieng ； e. g. 特 t'e， purposely; 確 c'liiiie, true ; so, new moon ; she, to place •

客

k'e, a guest. AVhon a word lias the first tone for a common colloquial sense, as 掘 ，ko， to place, it often prefers 去 聲 c'liii slieng for another sense it may bear in combination, as 就

,tau ko(， to remain anyichere for sometime.

8. Certain syllables, usually with sibilant initials, have a preference for the fifth tone, or 下 平 hia p'ing ； e. g. chu, chi, clii, fu, ko, tse, te， jJfS fu， happiness; 得 te, to obtain, etc.

9. The reading tone of many juli sheng words which obey the preceding laws, is 去 聲 c'hii sheiig ； and this is especially true of those that are colloquially attached to the first and fifth, tone classes ； all such, when used in poetry, are read with the intonation of c'liii sheng. In poetry, juh sheng words are all transferred to c'hii slieug, except a few found in shang slieng.

10. Words arrange themselves in groups of two, three and four, regulated by accent. The accent falls usually on the last word in a combination of two ； on the second and fourth in a combination of four ； and on the first and last in a combination of three. But when, as often occurs, two sounds are so closely

* Words needing to be pronounced singly would naturally adopt tho second tone, which, in Peking, is cuuuciated -nritb paroiculax distiuctuess.

[ 102 ]

combined as to become one dissyllabio word, the accent is on the first ； c. g. 甚麽 .slien ,mo, ichat ？ 我 \f\ Vo ,men, u'e,

11. When the accent is on the first of two sounds forming a dissyllabic word, or the one is significant and the other enclitic, the 】ast loses its proper tone, and assumes tliat of 上平 sliang p'ing, the first tone class. This is the reason that the proper tone of the following, among many more common words, viz ； 着 .cho, .cliau, it is so; 兒 ，er， son ； .men, door ； 頭 .t'eu, head; 麽 'mo, interrogative particle, 呢 .ni, interrogative particle, 子 'tsi, 應; 情 .t'sing, t ///)/[/, ^ lo% final particle ； 爺 .ye, fathey; 來 -lai, come; 老 ，lau， old ; 個 ko'， a particle, is in the Peking dialect habitually exchanged for 上 平 sliang p'inp:, in certain familiar combinations ； e. g.

留 着 .lieu ,cho, leave it there. loj 門 .ya jinen, mandarin office. ^ 5§ 'H ，t'eu, 'within. 甚 麼 .shen ,rao， what. 老 子 'lau ,tsi, father. 事 *Jpj sli? jt'sing, thing.

老 爺 'lau ,yc, aged sir; a common title of address to mandarins.

回 ^ .liwei ,lai, come bach.

你 老 'ni ,lau, you my old friend.

^ 個 cbe' ，ko， tlm.

12. The initials k， t, p, cli, and ts， are always aspirated in the fiftli tone-class, except wlien tlie words to which they belong are derived from yA. S juli sheng.

13. The presence of the initials 1， m， n, r, j, in tlie first tone-class, is limited to words which are exclusively colloquial, or affected in tone by the particular position of the accent, as explained in law 12,

14. The suffix 兒 .er， attached to substantives and other words very extensively in the north, is frequently absorbed into the word to which it is attached. The final letters n, ng, and the vowels are then exchanged for r, while the tone of tho word is kept aud that of suffix is losfc.

[ 103 ]

Normal furm.	Colloquial form.	Observations.
A 兒 .jen ,cr 兒 .t'sien ,er 餅 兒 'ping ,er 天 兒 jt'ien ，er 絲 兒 ，s.i ,er 瑰 f2» k'wai' ,er 鶴 子 兒 ,chi 'tsi ,er 板 兒 ，I 蕭 ，er Mli 兒 ，feng ,er (or ,fung)	•jer .t'sier 'pier ,t'iei' ,ser k'wair* jclii 'tser 'par jfoer	e as in French le. e as iu mercy. e as in mercy. e as ill mercy. 0 as iu French le. e as in French le. a as in art. e as in mercy as for.

15. The words -"^ ' i， om and 不 pu, not, vary their tone according to their position in the collocation of words to which they belong. Before a word in 去 徵 c'liii sheug they prefer hia p'iug. Before shang p'ing, shang slicng, or hia p'ing, they take the c'hii sheng intonation, and wlicn standing last they are heard in the first tour, c. g'. 不 是 .pu slii', it is not so; 不來 pu' .lai, he did not codic; ^]} ~ - ,c'liu ，i， the first day of the month.

16. When the suffix 兒 .er, is absorbed into the second of a repeated word, the word takes with 兒 .er, the shang p'iug tone. This is true whether the repeated word be in c'liii sheng, shang sheug, or hia p'ing slieng ； e. g. 慢 慢 兒 的 mau' ，mar ，ti.

Observations.

These laws serve for Tientsin as well as Peking, except that the first tone-class receives the lower slow even tone, and the third or c'hu sheug, the upper quick falling inflection.

In the distribution of the juli slieng words among- the other tone-classes, tliero is little difference between the usage of Peking and Tientsin.

The student is recommended to verify these sixteen laws, with the aid. of a native and Sir T. Wade's very useful Peking syllabary. The tones there assigned to juh slieng words will be found to be, in many instances, irregular and uncertain. Thus, 極， 夕， 習， chi, si, si, belonging to 下 入 hia juh, should

L 104 ]

be in 下 平 hia p'ing, by law 5. But they are placed in the syllabary under 上 平 sliang p'ing. A Pekinese whom I consulted transferred them at once to 下 平 bia p'ing. lu such cases, the difference of autliorities indicates that a transition is taking place, and the law of change tells us which sound will ultimately prevail.

I am happy here to take the opportunity of referring to assis- tance vvliich I derived from suggestion by Mr. William Stronach and Rev. C. Goodrich in regard to some of the preceding laws.

II

Tones of the Nanking dialect.

1. Words in the first tone class take for their distinctive intonation, the lower slow monotone, or sometimes the lower slow falling inflection, which consists of a slide of the voice downwards.

2. Words in the second tone class, 上 聲 shang sheng, take the lower slow rising inflection, or to express the thing differently, in enunciating them the voice slides upwards.

3. Words in the class known as 去 聲 c'hii sheng, take the quick falling inflection.

4. Words in the fourth class, or 入 聲 juh sheng, are short in time.

5. Words in the fifth class, or 下平 Lia p'ing take the upper quick rising inflection.

Ill

Tones at Chefoo (FuJi-shan him) (Yea'-t'cd.}

1. "Words in 上 平 sliaug p'ing, the first tone, take tlie lower slow rising inflection.

2. Words in the second tone-class, 上 聲 sliang sheng, take the upper quick rising inflection.

3. The third class, 去 聲 c'liii sheng, takes the upper quick falling inflection.

4. The class called 下 平 liia p'ing, takes lor its intonation the lower quick falling inflection.

5. Words of the fourth class, or juli slioii!.;, are distributed principally among the second and fifth clasf^es ； those of the uiipcr division, or 上 y\. sliang juli, preferring shang slieng, wliilo such as are in tlic lower division, 下 入 Ha juh, are usually found in 下平 liia p'ing.

THE LI" aT^，'

謝